介词（短语）和动词（短语）(一)介词(短语)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsof/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.解析：考查介词。此处表示追踪北极熊数量的现代方法，表示“……的”，故答案为of；也可理解为目的，故答案也可为for。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.解析：考查介词。apackof为固定搭配，表示“一包……；一群……”，故填of。3．(2019·北京卷)Firstcelebratedin1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区)．解析：考查介词。表示“在哪一年”用介词in，故填in。4．(2018·浙江卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shomefordinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.解析：此处for...与前面的goto...搭配，表示目的。5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。as意为“作为”。6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.解析：名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在……方面”。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.解析：toandfrom往返，来回，来来往往。toandfromwork上下班。8．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.解析：withone'shands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.在high前加in/at解析：表示“在高中”须用介词in或at。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemessuchaslike“TangDynasty”．去掉such_as后的like解析：suchas与like都有“像”的含义，表示举例说明，它们不能连在一起用，故去掉like。3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.去掉for解析：此处的everytwoyears是名词性短语，意为“每两年”，在句中作状语，其前不用介词。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.for→with解析：playthegameswithsb.为习惯性用法，意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。5．(2016·浙江卷)Whiletheychatted，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.in→on解析：onthetopof为固定搭配，意为“在……的上面/顶端”。故应把in改为on。常用介词如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,outof,across等含义较多，应全面把握。1．against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。Vacationshelpusperformbetteratwork,improveoursleepqualityandcushionusagainstdepression.假期能帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。2．beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。常用短语：beyondwords/description/imagination/belief/one'sreach/one'scontrol“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不能相信、够不着、管不了”。“Icametothankyou，”shesaid,surprisingmebeyondspeech.“我是来感谢你的。”她说。(听到这)让我惊讶地说不出话来。3．by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“乘；按；以……计；依据”讲。AsfarasIknow,workersaregenerallypaidbythemonth.据我所知，工人们的...
