Unit1Gettingalongwithothers动词不定式和动名词语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Sometimes,otherchildrensaywearenofunbecausewearebothveryacademicandliketostudy,butwelikeitthatway.2.Imusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz,sayinghoweasyitwasandhowIwassuretogetagoodgrade.3.Ibeggedhernottotellanyoneelse,andshesaidshewouldkeepmysecret.4.MybestfriendMatthewhasstoppedtalkingtome.5.IfeelreallyguiltybecauseImadesomecruelremarkstoo,butIdislikeseeingourteamlose.1.例句1中动词不定式在句中作宾语。2.例句2中动词不定式在句中作状语。3.例句3中动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。4.例句4、5中动名词在句中作宾语。Ⅰ.动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式、意义和语态带to的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态。下表以do为例,说明了不定式的形式、语态及具体用法。形式意义语态主动语态被动语态一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生todotobedone进行式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生tobedoing完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前且一直进行着tohavebeendoingHepromisedtogivemeahelpinghand.(give在promised之后发生)他答应帮助我。Wehopedtohavefinishedtheworkearlier.(finish这一动作发生在hoped之前)我们本希望早点儿完成这项工作。HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIwentin.(sleep在pretended发生的时候,正在进行)我进去时,他假装正在睡觉。Thebooktobepublishedsoonisveryinteresting.(Thebook是publish的承受者)即将出版的这本书很有趣。Sheisknowntohavebeendealingwiththeproblemformanyyears.(deal这一动作发生在isknown之前且一直进行着)大家知道她很多年都在处理这个难题。[即时训练1]单句语法填空①Don'twaitforhim.Heissaidtohavegone(go)toShanghai.②Youaresupposedtobesleeping(sleep)now.Whyareyoustillintheoffice?③Inordertobechosen(choose)inthefirstround,thegirlmadecarefulpreparationsforthesingingcompetition.二、动词不定式的句法功能1.不定式作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。Tobeherewithallofyouisapleasureforme.与你们所有人在这儿,我很高兴。Itisimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.掌握一门外语很重要。Howtomakerequestspolitelyisimportant.如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。[即时训练2]句型转换/完成句子①Togiveupsmokingisright.→Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.②做早操有利于我们的健康。Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.③对我们来说,很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.2.不定式作宾语不定式可以放在及物动词或及物动词短语的后面作宾语。下面的口诀可以帮助你记忆常见的这类动词:三个希望(hope,wish,want)两答应(agree,promise);两个要求(demand,ask)莫拒绝(refuse);设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide);不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)。Ihopetohavemyownbike.我希望有辆我自己的自行车。Myfathercamedownanddemandedtoknowwhatwasgoingon.我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。[名师点津]如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在后面。常用it作形式宾语的动词有:believe,consider,feel,find,know,make等。Iknowitimpossibletofinishsomuchhomeworkinoneday.我知道在一天内完成这么多的作业是不可能的。[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Idecidedtogo(go)tothecountrysideonvacation.②Ithinkitunnecessarytoarguewithhimaboutit.③Wouldyouliketogo(go)withmeorwouldyouratherstay(stay)athome?3.不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的...