Lesson5AgronomicManagementPracticesAffectingTobaccoQualityNewWords&ExpressionsBuyoutn.asituationinwhichapersonorgroupgainscontrolofacompanybybuyingallofitsshares全部买下、买断Post-buyout买断后MHmaleichydrazide顺丁烯二酸酰肼，马来酰肼Alkaloidsn.anyofnumerousorganicbases(asmorphine)containingnitrogenandusuallyoxygenthatoccurespeciallyinseedplants生物碱Topv.toremoveorcutthetopof……给打顶Suckern.ashootfromthelowerpartofthestemofaplant腋芽Stalkn.alongnarrowpartofaplantsupportingoneormoreleaves,flowersorfruits柄、梗Nicotinen.apoisonousalkaloid（C10H14N2）thatisthechiefactivematerialoftobaccoandisusedasaninsecticide尼古丁Curev.topreservebydryingit晒、烘烤Maturea.fullygrownanddeveloped成熟的Hornwormn.akindofinsects天蛾幼虫Mo(u)ldn.asuperficialgrowthproducedespeciallyondampordecayingorganicmatteroronlivingorganisms霉菌Bluemo(u)ld青霉病Lay-byn.thefinaloperationinthegrowingofafieldcrop最后的田间作业Variegatedv.markedindifferentcoloredspots,lines,areasetc杂色的、斑驳的Sidedressv.toapplynutrientsononesideoftheplantroots侧施肥Nondescripta.belongingtonoparticularclassorkind无归类的;noteasilydescribed难以形容的Suckerciden.chemicalproductthatpreventssuckerfromgrowing腋芽抑制剂Contactsn.chemicalsthatkillinsectsbycontactingthemdirectly触杀剂Systemicsn.apesticidethatasusedisharmlesstotheplant,butwhenabsorbedintoitssapmakestheentireorganismtoxictopests内吸剂Versusprep.Against;incontrastto……对、和相比Primingn.pickingup采收，采摘Burleyn.athin-bodiedair-curedtobaccogrownmainlyinKentucky白肋烟TextIn2005,tobaccowillbeproducedandmarketedwithoutpricesupportforthefirsttimesince1939.Pricescheduleswillreflectanemphasisonquality,withdeepdiscountsforunripeandimmaturegrades.Inthepost-buyoutenvironment,profitabilitywillbedirectlyrelatedtothemarketingofqualitytobaccoproducedatthelowestcost.Anumberofmanagementpracticesaffecttobaccoquality.Someofthemostimportantareasfollows:在2005年，烟草将自1939年以来第一次在没有价格支持下生产和销售。价格表将反映对烟叶质量的重视，未熟等级将大幅降价。在后烟草配额买断的环境下，利润将直接与以最低成本生产的优质烟草的销售相关。很多农艺措施影响烟草的质量，最重要的一些措施有：•Nitrogenrateandtimeofapplication•ToppingandsuckercontrolwithminimalMHresidues•Harvestrateandripeness•Leafseparationbystalkposition●氮肥的施用量和施用时间●打顶和最少马来酰肼残留的腋芽控制●采收速率和成熟度●叶片分部位采收NitrogenRateandTimeofApplicationNitrogenisthemostimportantnutrientaffectingtobaccoyieldandquality.Asnitrogenrateincreases,thefollowingoccur:•Yieldincreasestoapointthendecreases.•Leafsizeincreases,butleafthicknessdecreases.•Totalalkaloids,includingnicotine,increaseandsugarsdecreaseinthecuredleaf.•Maturityandripeningaredelayed.•Curedleafdarkens.•Suckergrowthincreasesandsuckercontroldecreases.•Leafdropandleafbreakincrease.•Bluemoldismoresevere.•Hornwormandaphidpopulationsincrease.氮肥的施用量和施用时间氮素是影响烟草产量和质量的最重要的营养元素。随着氮用量的增加，将会出现以下情况：●产量增加到一定值，然后下降。●叶面积增大，但叶厚度减小。●在调制后叶片中，总生物碱、烟碱增加，糖减少。●成熟延迟。●调制后叶片变黑。●腋芽数增加，腋芽控制效果降低。●残伤增加。●霜霉病更加严重。●天蛾幼虫和蚜虫的虫口增加。Manygrowersspendconsiderabletimechoosingamongsidedresserssuchascalciumnitrate,sodiumnitrate,30percentUANliquid,and24SUANliquid.However,thedataindicatethatinthesoutheasternUnitedSta...
