SectionⅢGrammar——非谓语动词(Ⅱ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.IunderstandthatyouoftenusetheexampleofthegymnastSangLantoshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.2.InspiredbySangLan'sstory,thestudentsdecidetoworkharderattheirlessons.3.Turningtotheleftatthecrossroads,youwillseetherailwaystationonyourright.4.Havingmadeourplan,we'llputitintopractice.5.Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtomeforhelp.1.1句中不定式作目的状语。2.2句中过去分词短语作原因状语;3句中现在分词短语作条件状语。3.4句中现在分词完成式作条件状语;5句中现在分词的否定形式作原因状语。一、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)目的状语:todo,inordertodo和soastodo,其中soastodo不能用于句首。Weeattoliveratherthanlivetoeat.我们吃饭是为了活着,而不是活着为了吃饭。Inordertofindhardevidence,hesearchedthewholehouse.为了找到有力的证据,他搜查了整个房子。[即时训练1]完成句子①他悄悄地进来,以免把他的妻子吵醒。Hecameinquietlysoasnotto/inordernottowakehiswife.②为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。Inordertoarrive/Toarrivebeforedark,westartedearly.(2)原因状语:跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词后面,如:glad,surprised,amazed,delighted等。Weweresurprisedtofindeverythingchanged.发现一切都变了,我们很惊讶。(3)结果状语:表示出人意料的结果,不定式前有逗号和副词only;也可以用于too...to...“太……而不能……”,...enoughto...“足够……”和so/such...asto...“如此……以至于……”句型中。IhurriedtoProfessorWang'shouse,onlytofindhewasout.我匆忙赶到王教授的家,可是却发现他出去了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.他累得走不动了。[名师点津]动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后面作状语时,常用主动形式表示被动含义,常见的此类形容词有easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,interesting,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,fit等,该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。Thepoemisnoteasytotranslate.这首诗难翻译。Themusicispleasanttolistento.这音乐听起来悦耳。[即时训练2]单句改错①Hewastooexcitedtonotsayafewwords.去掉not②Hisspeechwaseasyunderstand.understand前加to③Hetriedhisbesttoprepareforthecontest,onlybetolditwascancelled.only后加to2.分词作状语(1)原因状语:分词用作原因状语,通常可转换成原因状语从句。Gettinguplate(=Ashegotuplate),hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了,他没有赶上早班火车。Greatlyencouraged(=Asweweregreatlyencouraged),wemadeupourmindtocarryonthehardwork.由于受到极大鼓舞,我们决心将艰苦的工作继续下去。[即时训练3]句型转换①Heaskedtheteacherforhelp,becausehedidn'tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem.→Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.②Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.→Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.(2)时间状语:分词用作时间状语,通常可转换成时间状语从句。Hearingthegoodnews(=Whenheheardthegoodnews),hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息,他高兴地跳了起来。Seenfromthehill(=Whenitisseenfromthehill),theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看,这个公园非常漂亮。[即时训练4]句型转换①Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.→Whentheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.②Whenhewasaskedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.→Askedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.(3)伴随状语或方式状语:分词用作伴随状语,通常可转换成并列谓语,它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近,有时可以转换成bydoingsth.结构。Tomlayonthegrass,staringatthesky(=andstaredatthesky)foralongtime.汤...