"江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义7"【知识梳理】非谓语动词考点考点1非谓语动词的独立主格结构1.独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)+分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成,在句中作状语,通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.2.介词独立结构withsb./sth.+doing/done/todo,其中非谓语动词作宾补,根据宾语和宾补之间的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.考点2“连词+分词(短语)”结构分词短语作状语时,有时前面可用一个连词,表示强调或出于表达需要,常用的连词有:when,while,after,before,if,though,whether...or...,unless,asif等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。Whencrossingtheroad,youcanneverbetoocareful.考点3不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1.不定式作定语,与被修饰的词之间为动宾关系,且其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致,不定式用主动表示被动。否则用被动式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Motheraskedherson,“Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?”2.在“名词(代词)+be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,形容词说明不定式的特性,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,此时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Thissentenceisnoteasytoexplain.考点4现在分词作结果状语1.当分词短语作结果状语时,常位于句尾,前面的主句表示原因,后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果,分词短语相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,enablingthestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.2.不定式作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料的结果。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.考点5三种被动意义的非谓语形式作后置定语的区别tobedone,beingdone,done都表示被动,都可作后置定语,区别在于:过去分词所表示的动作具有完成意义;现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的动作;不定式的被动式表示未来的动作。Thisisaproblemdiscussed(=Thisisaproblemwhichwasdiscussed.)这是一个已讨论了的问题。Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(=Thisisaproblemwhichisbeingdiscussed.)Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(=Thisisaproblemwhichistobediscussed.)考点6介词+非谓语动词1.介词后一般接动名词作宾语,但如果介词是but,except时,后可接不定式(如果but,except前边出现实义动词do,则可省去不定式符号to)。Ihavenothingtodobutwait.Whathesaidamountstodenyingus.2.therebe的非谓语形式作介词宾语时,如果介词是for,便只能用theretobe结构;如果是其他介词,则要用therebeing结构。Theyaskedfortheretobeanothermeeting.Wewereannoyedattherebeingsomuchtimewasted.【巩固训练】一、单项选择1.Thefirsttextbook________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.Written2.What’sthelanguage________inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.Buying4.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.________someofficialsNapoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed6.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed7.________liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat8.________suchheavypollutionalreadyitmaynowbetoolatetocleanup.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered9.—I’mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mmitdoeshavea________smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.ple...