"江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义7"【知识梳理】非谓语动词考点考点1非谓语动词的独立主格结构1．独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)＋分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Marycomingback，theydiscussedittogether.2．介词独立结构withsb./sth.＋doing/done/todo，其中非谓语动词作宾补，根据宾语和宾补之间的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.考点2“连词＋分词(短语)”结构分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，asif等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。Whencrossingtheroad，youcanneverbetoocareful.考点3不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1．不定式作定语，与被修饰的词之间为动宾关系，且其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，不定式用主动表示被动。否则用被动式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Motheraskedherson，“Doyouhaveclothestobewashed？”2．在“名词(代词)＋be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中，形容词说明不定式的特性，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，此时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Thissentenceisnoteasytoexplain.考点4现在分词作结果状语1．当分词短语作结果状语时，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果，分词短语相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu，enablingthestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.2．不定式作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果。Tomtookataxitotheairport，onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.考点5三种被动意义的非谓语形式作后置定语的区别tobedone，beingdone，done都表示被动，都可作后置定语，区别在于：过去分词所表示的动作具有完成意义；现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的动作；不定式的被动式表示未来的动作。Thisisaproblemdiscussed(＝Thisisaproblemwhichwasdiscussed.)这是一个已讨论了的问题。Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(＝Thisisaproblemwhichisbeingdiscussed.)Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(＝Thisisaproblemwhichistobediscussed.)考点6介词＋非谓语动词1．介词后一般接动名词作宾语，但如果介词是but，except时，后可接不定式(如果but，except前边出现实义动词do，则可省去不定式符号to)。Ihavenothingtodobutwait.Whathesaidamountstodenyingus.2．therebe的非谓语形式作介词宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用theretobe结构；如果是其他介词，则要用therebeing结构。Theyaskedfortheretobeanothermeeting.Wewereannoyedattherebeingsomuchtimewasted.【巩固训练】一、单项选择1.Thefirsttextbook________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.Written2.What’sthelanguage________inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.Buying4.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.________someofficialsNapoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed6.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed7.________liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat8.________suchheavypollutionalreadyitmaynowbetoolatetocleanup.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered9.—I’mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mmitdoeshavea________smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.ple...
