高中语法项目------虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuyacomputer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+hadbeendone+其它（被动）主语+would/should/could/might+havedone主语+would/should/could/might+havebeendone(被动)如：Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Iftheyhadbeentreatedintime,theywouldnothavedied.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+weretodo+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinanotherday.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tbeabletogoonpicnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。用心爱心专心If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+would/should/could/might+be+表语主语+would/should/could/might+be+doing主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形三、注意事项①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。如：WereItobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.=IfIweretobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.Hadyounotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.②用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with,without,butfor.如：Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or,orelse,otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。如：Youdidwhatyouwereaskedto,otherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.④如果句子中有短语forfearthat,lest,incase时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。如：Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。如:Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butIdidn’tknowthatyouwerewaitingforme.Thehousewouldhavebeenburntdownbutthefirefightersarrivedintime.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。“一、二、三、四”“一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose四要求ask,require,request,demand”用心爱心专心虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should，should可以省略。MyteachersuggestedthatI(should)spendmoretimelearningEnglish.注意：当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时，不应该用虚拟语气，应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.b.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。wouldrather对现在、将来虚拟：一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去的虚拟：过去完成时(haddone0Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.c.wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在虚拟一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去虚拟过去完成时(haddone)对将来虚拟过去将来时(woulddo)IwishIwer...
