Unit5MusicGrammar“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种,多用于正式文体中。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which,whom,whose。它们既可引导限定性定语从句,又可引导非限定性定语从句。同学们在学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况:一、注意介词的选取“介词”+“关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选取应根据如下几点:1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如:•Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?刚才和你握手的人是谁?•ThetwothingsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。[典型考例1]Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom析:答案为D。介词to和定语从句中的turn构成固定搭配turntosb.forhelp。意为“向某人求助”。2.根据定语从句意思的需要,此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。如:•Hehadabadcold,becauseofwhichhedidn'tattendthemeeting.他患了重感冒,因此未能参加会议。•Thespeedatwhichthecarrunsdependsontheroadcondition.这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。[典型考例2]IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_______manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich析:答案为D。根据句意“到下午5:30时,许多人已经到家了”,且定语从句中又用了完成1时,故应用介词by。3。根据意思也可用复杂介词,如bymeansof,asaresultof,infrontof,inthebackof,allof,mostof等,如:(1)Theinstrumentbymeansofwhichthetemperatureismeasurediscalledthermometer.用来测量温度的仪器叫温度计。(2)Therearefortystudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghardataprobleminmathematics.教室里有四十个学生,他们都在努力计算一道数学难题。二、注意关系代词的选取在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,如果关系代词指代事物就用which;如果指代人则用whom;若表示“……的”则用whose。如:1.Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.这就是我们去年学习的教室。2.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,twentyofwhomaregirls.我们班有六十个学生,其中二十个是女生。3.Helivesinahouse,whosedooropenstothenorth.他住的房子门是朝北开的。[典型考例1]Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_____hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(MET1990)A.thoseB.theseC.thatD.which[典型考例2]Thegentleman_____youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.(上海2000春招)A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom析:考例1中关系代词指代“窗子”,故用which,答案为D;考例2中关系代词指代人,故用whom,它又和后面的told构成固定搭配tellsb.aboutsb./sth.,故答案为B。三、注意关系代词的替换1.介词in,on,at,for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时,可与相关的关系副词2when,where,why等替换。如:(1)AmericaisthecountryinwhichGeorgeWashingtonwasborn.美国是乔治•华盛顿出生的国家。(inwhich用where替换)(2)Ihaveforgottentheexactdateonwhichthissmallcountrybecameindependent.我忘了这个国家独立的确切日期了。(onwhich用when替换)(3)Thereasonforwhichherefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。(forwhich用why替换)2。“名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可与相关的关系副词“whose+名词”替换。如:(1)Iwilltalktothosestudentsthehomeworkofwhomhasn'tbeendone.我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。(thehomeworkofwhom用whosehomework替换)(2)Shelivesinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacetotheeast.她住在一栋窗户朝东的房子里。(thewindowsofwhich用whosewindows替换)四、注意不能拆开的动词短语并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开,要注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有:lookafter,lookfor,turnin,payattentionto,takecareof,d...