Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAnci定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。(1)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。如:HeistherightpersonwhoIwanttofindformyfilm.(2)whose用来指人或物,只用作定语。若指物时,它还可以用n.+ofwhich结构来替换。如:Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoveristorn.Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichistorn.(3)which,that所代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如:Italyisafamouscitywhichhasalotofbuildings.2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词前的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,when,where,why等引导的从句在句中作状语。关系副词的含义相当于"介词+which"结构。如:Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?3.判断关系代词与关系副词用心爱心专心(1)用关系代词,还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面要求用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词作状语。如:ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(误)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.(正)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(误)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.(正)(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分,也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。[例句1]Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone[分析]正确选项为D。该句变为肯定句为:Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.该句缺先行词,而where,that,onwhich都不能充当先行词,只有theone既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,而且作宾语的关系代词可以省略,所以应选D。[例句2]Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.theone[分析]正确选项为A。该句变为肯定句为:Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.该句主句中不缺成分,where在从句部分作地点状语,也可用介词in+which引导从句。如果C项中的which前面加in,也是正确选项。根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列单词。1.Manyi____businessmenwerediscussingtheglobaleconomicsituation.2.It’smyb_____thatherdeathwasnotanaccident.3.Thetwocarsarebothredbuttheyares______onlyincolour.4.ConfuciusandMenciusweregreatpeopleofa______China.用心爱心专心5.Whoseideasi_______Chinasocietyformorethan2,000years?6.Her_____(辞职)fromthecompanyinordertotakeamorechallengingjob.7.ConfuciuswasoneofthemostimportantancientChinese_______(哲学家).8.Hedoubtedher_____(诚实)whenshetoldhimherpersonalexperiences.9.Diligenceaswellasmodestyismylife______(原则).10.Inordertogetabetter___(职位)inthiscompany,heworksharddayandnight.1.influential2.belief3.similar4.ancient5.influenced6.resigned7.philosophers8.honesty9.principle10.position用心爱心专心
