Grammarandusage任课教师班级时间课题Unit1grammar课型新授教学目标1.动词不定式2.动名词教学重点Thedifferentusesofthem教学难点Helpssmasterthegrammar预习指导Prereadpage8-10导学过程Grammar:动词不定式Ⅰ.不定式句法功能1.作主语:Thecatsaid,“Totakerollercoaster”isterrible.不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。→Thecatsaid,“It’sterribletotakerollercoaster.”Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?不定式作主语常见句型:a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+不定式eg.It’smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.2.作表语:当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.3.作宾语Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等2005年天津卷12题:Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded1当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do,does,did时,通常省略to。Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.4.宾语补足语在SVOC句型中,许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe…作宾补,不跟todo…eg.Theybelievehimtobehonest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to①一些表示“致使”意义的动词,如:let,have,make等②一些表示感觉的动词,如:hear,feel,see,watch,notice等Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.但当这两类动词为被动态时,不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上toHisfathermadehimgotobedearly.→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.5.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:①能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等eg.Hehasn’tkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.②常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.③序数词形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语:Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.Tips:不定式在作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主谓关系2I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位关系Shehasameetingtoattend.(动宾关系=attendameeting)Th...