Unit1GreatscientistPartTwo:TeachingResources第二部分：教学资源Section2:BackgroundinformationaboutgreatscientistsI.QuotesfromGoethe(歌德；1749~1832；德国诗人、剧作家及小说家):"Ofalldiscoveriesandopinions,nonemayhaveexertedagreatereffectonthehumanspiritthanthedoctrineofCopernicus.Theworldhadscarcelybecomeknownasroundandcompleteinitselfwhenitwasaskedtowaivethetremendousprivilegeofbeingthecenteroftheuniverse.Never,perhaps,wasagreaterdemandmadeonmankind----forbythisadmissionsomanythingsvanishedinmistandsmoke!WhatbecameofourEden,ourworldofinnocence,pietyandpoetry;thetestimonyofthesenses;theconvictionofapoetic-religiousfaith?Nowonderhiscontemporariesdidnotwishtoletallthisgoandofferedeverypossibleresistancetoadoctrinewhichinitsconvertsauthorizedanddemandedafreedomofviewandgreatnessofthoughtsofarunknown,indeednotevendreamedof."II.QuotesfromCopernicus（哥白尼；1473~1543；主张地动说的波兰天文学家；为现代天文学的创始人）:“ForIamnotsoenamoredofmyownopinionsthatIdisregardwhatothersmaythinkofthem.Iamawarethataphilosopher'sideasarenotsubjecttothejudgementofordinarypersons,becauseitishisendeavortoseekthetruthinallthings,totheextentpermittedtohumanreasonbyGod.YetIholdthatcompletelyerroneousviewsshouldbeshunned.Thosewhoknowthattheconsensusofmanycenturieshassanctionedtheconceptionthattheearthremainsatrestinthemiddleoftheheavenasitscenterwould,Ireflected,regarditasaninsanepronouncementifImadetheoppositeassertionthattheearthmoves."“Forwhenashipisfloatingcalmlyalong,thesailorsseeitsmotionmirroredineverythingoutside,whileontheotherhandtheysupposethattheyarestationary,togetherwitheverythingonboard.Inthesameway,themotionoftheearthcanunquestionablyproducetheimpressionthattheentireuniverseisrotating.”“Thereforealongsidetheancienthypotheses,whicharenomoreprobable,letuspermitthesenewhypothesesalsotobecomeknown,especiallysincetheyareadmirableaswellassimpleandbringwiththemahugetreasureofveryskillfulobservations.Sofarashypothesesareconcerned,letnooneexpectanythingcertainfromastronomy,whichcannotfurnishit,lestheacceptasthetruthideasconceivedforanotherpurpose,anddepartfromthisstudyagreaterfoolthanwhenheenteredit.Farewell.”III.CholeraDistributionofcholera(alsocalledAsiaticcholera)isaninfectiousdiseaseofthegastrointestinaltractcausedbytheVibriocholerabacterium.Thesebacteriaaretypicallyingestedbydrinkingwatercontaminatedbyimpropersanitationorbyeatingimproperlycookedfish,especiallyshellfish.Symptomsincludediarrhea,abdominalcramps,nausea,vomiting,anddehydration.用心爱心专心116号编辑Deathisgenerallyduetothedehydrationcausedbytheillness.Whenleftuntreatedcholeragenerallyhasahighmortalityrate.Treatmentistypicallyanaggressiverehydrationregimenusuallydeliveredintravenously,whichcontinuesuntilthediarrheaceases.Withtreatment,mortalityratesplummet.CholerawasfirstdescribedinascientificmannerbythephysicianGarciadeOrtainthe16thcentury.用心爱心专心116号编辑
