Unit3AmazingpeoplePartOneTeachingDesign第一部分教学设计Aimsandrequirements♦ReadanarticleaboutafamousexplorerandanarticleaboutaChineseastronaut♦Listentoalistofrequirements♦Talkaboutfamouspeopleandunknownplaces,andintroduceaperson♦Writeabiographicalarticle♦InterviewaprofessionalProcedures●GrammarandUsageHerewewilllearntorecognizesituationswherethepastperfecttenseisusedandthetimeexpressionsusedtogetherwiththetense.Wewillalsoseehowthetenseisformed.Youwillreadtwostoriesandcompletethemusingthecorrectverbforms.Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweenthepastperfecttenseandthesimplepasttense.Step1:PastperfecttensePastperfecttenseisusedtoindicatethatoneactionoccurredbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Inotherwords,pastperfecttenseindicatesthefirstofthetwoactions.FormofPastPerfect[had]+[pastparticiple]Examples:IhadstudiedalittleEnglishwhenIcametotheU.S.TheyhadnevermetanAmericanuntiltheymetJohn.Note:WhenyouareusingaverbtensewithmorethanonepartsuchasPastPerfect(hadmet),adverbsoftencomebetweenthefirstpartandthesecondpart(hadnevermet).USE1CompletedActionBeforeSomethinginPastThePastPerfectexpressestheideathatsomethingoccurredbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Itcanalsoshowthatsomethinghappenedbeforeaspecifictimeinthepast.Examples:IhadneverseensuchabeautifulbeachbeforeIwenttoKauai.用心爱心专心116号编辑HadyouevervisitedtheU.S.beforeyourtripin1992?Yes,IhadbeentotheU.S.oncebeforein1988.USE2DurationBeforeSomethinginthePast(Non-continuousVerbs)WithNon-progressiveVerbsandsomenon-progressiveusesofMixedVerbs,weusethePastPerfecttoshowthatsomethingstartedinthepastandcontinuedupuntilanotheractioninthepast.Examples:Wehadhadthatcarfortenyearsbeforeitbrokedown.BythetimeAlexfinishedhisstudies,hehadbeeninLondonforovereightyears.IMPORTANTSpecificTimeswiththePastPerfectUnlikethePresentPerfect,itispossibletousespecifictimewordsorphraseswiththePastPerfect.Althoughthisispossible,itisusuallynotnecessary.EXAMPLE:ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.IfthePastPerfectactiondidoccurataspecifictime,theSimplePastcanbeusedinsteadofthePastPerfectwhenbeforeorafterisusedinthesentence.ThewordsbeforeandafteractuallytellyouwhathappensfirstsothePastPerfectisoptional.Bothsentencesbelowarecorrect.EXAMPLE:ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.ShevisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.HOWEVERIfthePastPerfectactiondidnothappenataspecifictime,PastPerfectMUSTbeusedatalltimes.Comparethetwosentencesbelow.EXAMPLE:ShehadneverseenabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.CorrectSheneversawabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.NotCorrectACTIVE/PASSIVEFORMSofPastPerfectEXAMPLESGeorgehadrepairedmanycarsbeforehereceivedhismechanicslicense.ACTIVEManycarshadbeenrepairedbyGeorgebeforehereceivedhismechanicslicense.PASSIVE用心爱心专心116号编辑Step2:Practice1.ReadPoint1onpage48toseewhichactionhappensfirstinthesentencegiven.Notethatthepastperfecttenseisoftenusedwiththesimplepasttense.Ifoneactionhappensbeforeanotherinthepast,thepastperfecttenseisused.Sothesetwotensesareoftenusedtogether.LookatthediagraminPoint1first,andthenreadtheexamplesentence.Notehowthepastperfecttenseisusedwiththesimplepasttense.2.Readthefollowingtwosentencestoseehowthepredicateischangedwhenthesentenceisturnedfromthedirectspeechintotheindirectspeech.Tobysaid,“Iwill/shallnotbeinLondonnextweek.”Tobysaidthathewo...
