初三英语Unit1ThePictureofPeace.Lesson1andLesson4教育科学版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容:Unit1ThePictureofPeace.Lesson1andLesson4二.重点、难点:(一)单词:pilen.堆;大堆v.堆起;叠起Swedenn.瑞典Celsiusn.摄氏温度inpublic当众;公开的;公然的ghostn.鬼;幽灵crashn.(汽车的)撞车事故;(飞机的)失事injuryn.(对身体的)伤害,损害pastan.意大利面食landingn.登陆;降落bronze//medal铜牌(二)语音:Lesson1PronunciationVowelDiphthong://Listenandwritethecorrectvowelsforeachword.Workinpairs.Thinkofmorewords.//kitelie(三)语法:现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(1)—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?—Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.—你吃过早饭了吗?—是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)(2)Ihavelostmypen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某时丢的,现在还没有找到)注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用,already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。2、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for,since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。Wehavelivedheresince2000.自从2000年我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去)·一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时现在完成时不涉及对现在的影响强调对现在的影响可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,fivedaysago不能和表示过去的具体时间连用,但可以和不确定的含有“过去”之意的时间状语连用,如already,yet,before,inrecentyears等Ihaveseenthisfilmbefore.→Isawthisfilmtwoweeksago.(强调对现在的影响,我了解这部电影)(强调两周前看过这部电影这件事)·havebeento和havegoneto的区别havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经回来;havegoneto表示“去了某地”,现在不在这里,已经到达某地,或在去某地的路上。—WhereisMary?玛丽在哪儿?—HehasgonetoBeijing.他已经去北京了。—HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?你去过美国吗?—Yes,IhavebeentoAmericatwice.我去过美国两次。·非延续性动词和延续性动词buy,borrow,leave,open,close,begin,start等非延续性动词不能和表示一段的时间状语连用,如果连用,就要用相应的延续性动词或be短语代替。Theoldmandiedtwoyearsago.→Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.这个老人两年前死了。这个老人死了两年了。Heboughtadictionarytwodaysago.→Hehashadthedictionaryfortwodays.他两天前买了一本字典。这本字典他买了两天了。非延续性动词变为延续性动词的常见例子:buy—have,borrow—keep,leave—beaway,open—beopen,close—beclosed,begin/start—beonLesson4ReviseandImprovePRESENTPERFECTIhavelostallmymoney.ShehasbeentoBeijing.Ihavelivedhereallmylife.Let’stakealook:Wemakethepresentperfectbyjoiningthepresentformofhavewiththepastparticipleoftheverb:·Ihaveeatenallmylunch.·Hehasbeensickallday.(1)Weusethepresentperfecttotalkaboutanactionorsituationthathappenedatsomespecifiedtimeinthepastbutisstillimportant:·I’velostallmymoney.·Ihaven’tfoundityet.·Haveyoulostyourmoney,too?Ithappenedinthepast(Ilostallmymoney),butthemoneyisstilllost,anditisimportanttothespeaker.(2)Weusethepresentperfecttotalkaboutanactionorsituationthatstartedinthepastandcontinuesuptothepresent:·Ihavebeenherefortwohours.·Theyhavebeenfriendsforfouryears.Becareful:Theverb‘Togo’has2pastparticiples–goneANDbeen.·IhavebeentoFrance.(IwenttoFranceandcameback.)·ShehasgonetoShanghai.(Sheisstillthere.)Nowyoutry:1.IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.(study)2.Shehasnevergoneoverseas.(go)3.Mikehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(finish)4.Haveyouevereatensnails?(eat)5.Theweatherhasbeenbeautifulthisyear...