Unit2EnglishAroundtheWorldPartTwo:Teachingresources第二部分：教学资源Section1:Approachestoprocesswriting程序写作教学法I.Pre-writing1.BrainstormingGettingstartedcanbedifficult,sostudentsdividedintogroupsquicklyproducewordsandideasaboutthewriting.2.PlanningStudentsmakeaplanofthewritingbeforetheystart.Theseplanscanbecomparedanddiscussedingroupsbeforewritingtakesplace.3.GeneratingideasDiscoverytaskssuchascubing(Studentswritequicklyaboutthesubjectinsixdifferentways.1.describeit2.compareit3.associateit4.analyseit5.applyit6.arguefororagainstit.)4.QuestioningIngroups,theideaistogeneratelotsofquestionsaboutthetopic.Thishelpsstudentsfocusuponaudienceastheyconsiderwhatthereaderneedstoknow.Theanswerstothesequestionswillformthebasistothecomposition.5.DiscussinganddebatingTheteacherhelpsstudentswithtopics,helpingthemdevelopideasinapositiveandencouragingway.II.Focusingideas1.FastwritingThestudentswritequicklyonatopicforfivetotenminuteswithoutworryingaboutcorrect用心爱心专心116号编辑languageorpunctuation.Writingasquicklyaspossible,iftheycannotthinkofawordtheyleaveaspaceorwriteitintheirownlanguage.Theimportantthingistokeepwriting.Laterthistextisrevised.2.GroupcompositionsWorkingtogetheringroups,sharingideas.Thiscollaborativewritingisespeciallyvaluableasitinvolvesotherskills(speakinginparticular).3.ChangingviewpointsAgoodwritingactivitytofollowarole-playorstorytellingactivity.Differentstudentschoosedifferentpointsofviewandthinkabout/discusswhatthischaracterwouldwriteinadiary,witnessstatement,etc.4.VaryingformSimilartotheactivityabove,butinsteadofdifferentviewpoints,differenttexttypesareselected.Howwouldthetextbedifferentifitwerewrittenasaletter,oranewspaperarticle,etc.III.Evaluating,structuringandediting1.OrderingStudentstakethenoteswritteninoneofthepre-writingactivitiesaboveandorganizethem.Whatwouldcomefirst?Why?Hereitisgoodtotellthemtostartwithinformationknowntothereaderbeforemovingontowhatthereaderdoesnotknow.2.Self-editingAgoodwritermustlearnhowtoevaluatetheirownlanguage─toimprovethroughcheckingtheirowntext,lookingforerrors,structure.Thiswaystudentswillbecomebetterwriters.3.PeerEditingandproofreadingHere,thetextsareinterchangedandtheevaluationisdonebyotherstudents.Intherealworld,itiscommonforwriterstoaskfriendsandcolleaguestochecktextsforspelling,etc.Youcouldalsoaskthestudentstoreducethetexts,toeditthem,concentratingonthemostimportantinformation.4.TheimportanceoffeedbackIttakesalotoftimeandefforttowrite,andsoitisonlyfairthatstudentwritingisrespondedtosuitably.Positivecommentscanhelpbuildstudentconfidenceandcreategoodfeelingforthenextwritingclass.Italsohelpsifthereaderismorethanjusttheteacher.Classmagazines,swappingletterswithotherclasses,etc.canprovideaneasysolutiontoprovidingarealaudience.用心爱心专心116号编辑5.WritingascommunicationProcesswritingisamoveawayfromstudentswritingtotesttheirlanguagetowardsthecommunicationofideas,feelingsandexperiences.Itrequiresthatmoreclassroomtimeisspentonwriting,butasthepreviouslyoutlinedactivitiesshow,thereismorethanjustwritinghappeningduringasessiondedicatedtoprocesswriting.6.PotentialproblemsWritingisacomplexprocessandcanleadtolearnerfrustration.Aswithspeaking,itisnecessarytoprovideasupportiveenvironmentforthestudentsandbepatient.Thisapproachneedsthatmoretimebespentonwritinginclass,butasyouhaveseen,notallclassroomtimeisspentactuallywriting.Studentsmayalsoreactnegativelytoreworkingthesamematerial,butaslongastheactivitiesarevariedandtheobjectivesclear,thentheywillusuallyacceptdoingso.Inthelongterm,youandyourstudentswillstarttorecognisethevalueofaprocesswritingapproachastheirwrittenworkimproves.用心爱心专心116号编辑
