某咨询报告之中国路边的零售业(英文版)VIP免费

第1页共7页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共7页TomakemoneyfromtheexpansionoftheChinesemarket,mostoilcompanieswillhavetosellmuchmorethangasoline.JONATHANR.WOETZELTheMcKinseyQuarterly,2002Number3CChina抯automotivemarketispredictedtobethethirdlargestintheworldby2008.1Theaccompanyinggrowthindemandforgasolineandrelatedcarfuelproducts梒ombinedwithgovernmentplanstoderegulatethesectorandtheneedtoaddressthechronicinefficiencyofcurrentdistribution梥houldcreateajuicyopportunityformultinationaloilcompaniesaswellasforChina抯twodomesticgiants,PetroChinaandSinopec.GasolinereachesthehugeChinesemarketthroughafragmentedretailanddistributionnetworkofabout90,000stations,almostallstateowned.Manyarerunmoreassinecuresthanasbusinesses,oftenwithastafffourtofivetimeslargerthantheinternationalnormbutwithlessthanaquarteroftheaveragegasolinethroughputofUSstations.TheChinesegovernment,whichiswellawareoftheproblem,hasresolvednottoallowthecountry抯energyinfrastructuretoburdenthewholeeconomy:itisfastderegulatingthesector,whichwillbefullyopeneduptoforeigncompaniesin2004underthecommitmentsattendingthecountry抯membershipintheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Foreignoilcompanieshavehithertobeenrestrictedtoone-offlocaldealsinspecialeconomiczonesortiedtoinvestmentsintoll-roadconstruction.Althoughthestageshouldthusbesetforcannycorporationstomoveintothemarket,itremainsunclearhowtheywillmakemoney.Competitionisalreadydrivingdownretailmarginsongasoline,whilepricesforthebeststationsiteshavesoaredasChina抯largedomesticoilcompanieshaverushedtobuythem.OilcompaniesintheWestfacingsimilarmarginpressuresknowthatmostgasolinestationsareviableonlyiftheyoffergeneral-retailfacilitiesatleastaslargeasaconveniencestore,inadditiontogasoline.ThisistrueinChinaaswell.Thehighest-volumesitesmightbemadeprofitableontheirfuelrevenuesalone,buttherestneedsubstantialnonfuelrevenuestomakeaprofit.Thestrategicimplicationsareclear.InChinaaselsewhere,thefirstdecisionforanoilcompanyiswhethertoownandoperatesitesormerelytosupplythemwithgasoline.Ifthecompanyoptsforownership,ithasachoice:toadoptaretailstrategyandpursuenonfuelrevenuesfromaportfolioofretailsitesortotargetonlythehighest-volumesites,usingthemtobuildahigh-qualitygasolinebrandthatcanalsobeofferedthroughindependentretailers.Atpresent,theChineseoilmajorsarepursuingneitherstrategy;theyhavesimplyrushedtograbanyavailablesite,wheretheysellasmuchpetroleum-basedproductaspossiblewhileignoringtheretailpotential.Themultinationalshavebeenmorejudiciousinselectingsitesfortheirinitialjointventures,buttheytoohaveneglectedthestrategicchoice.Unlessallofthesecompanies,domesticandinternationalalike,changetack,theirinvestmentsinexpensiveChineserealestatemayunravel.THEMARKETANDSITEECONOMICSChina抯dominantoilcompaniesareSinopec,inthesouthandeast,andPetroChina,whichhasthemorecomprehensiverefineryanddistributionnetworkofthetwo,inthenorthandwest(Exhibit1).Thetwocompaniesaimtocapture,betweenthem,70percentofChina抯gasolinesalesvolumeby2005.SincetheirIPOs,in2000,theyhaveinvestedheavilyinpetroleum-relatedinfrastructureand第2页共7页第1页共7页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共7页inbrandbuilding.Havingalreadyraisedtheirshareofsalestomorethan40percentandsecuredmostoftheprimesitesinthebiggestcities,theyareontracktomeetthistarget.Until2004,multinationalcompanieswill...