中美司法法律制度比较精选文档VIP专享VIP免费

AComparisonofJudicatureAndlegalSystembetweenChinaandUSChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwomainpowerfulcountiesineconomicandmilitaryfieldsintheworld。Nevertheless,inthepoliticalsystemandsocialandculturalaspects,therearemanycrucialdifferencesbetweenthem。Thesedifferencesaretooexcessivetootremendousandtoodeep-going，asaresult，thetwocountiesdivergemarkedlywhenitcomestoalmosteveryinternationalaffair。Wedon’thavethatwisdomandstrengthofresearchingandprobingthosedifferences.Thatbeingso，let’sgiveitaheadstartinthejudicialsystemandlaw。JudicialsystemJudicialsystemofUSistotallydifferentfromours。Firstly,America’sjudiciaryisonebranchofthatthreebranches—thelegislativebranch，theexecutivebranchandthejudicialbranch.Thosethreebranchesdividenationalgovernment’spowerintothree。ThisdivisionofauthorityisknownasasystemofchecksandbalancesestablishedbytheConstitution,whichismeanttopreventanyofthethreebranchesfromhavingtoomuchpower。Eachbranchhascertaincontrolsovertheotherbranches.Eachbranchcanlimittheotherbranchesfromgainingtoomuchpower.Inotherwords,eachbranchofthethreebranchesisequaltoeachother.It’simpossibletoletonebedominatedbyanother.SoCourtsinAmericadon’tcareaboutwhattheadministratorsthink.TheyjustmaketheverdictaccordingtotheConstitutionandlawandonthebasisofevidence。ButinChina,thecaseiscompletelydifferent。Inversely，Chinagovernmentpursuesthecentralizationpoliticalsystemratherthanthetripartitepoliticalsystemofchecksandbalances。JudicialsysteminChinaisnotapartyofchecksandbalances，notatall.Moreimportantly,inordertosegmentandweakenjudiciary'spower，statusandweight，thejudicialsystemitselfhasbeendividedintomanybranches,mainlytheCourtandProcuratorate.CourtsinChinaisjustalittledepartmentinnationalpoliticalsystem，whichcanbecontrolledandimpactedbymanyothergovernment'sbranches，forexample,NationalPeople'sCongressStandingCommittee,OfficeofLegislativeAffairs，judicialbureauandLawCouncilofvariouslevelsCPCCommitteeandsoon。Tosomedegree,China’sjudiciaryisjustamouthpiece。Lawsarejustreference.Leader’swritteninstructionorcommentsarerealandpotentialcriterion.SowecanseethatthestatusandimportanceofjudicialsysteminAmericaarehigherandmoresignificantthanitinChina.What’smore,America’sjudicialsystemisindependentandself—governed，butamightyandindependentjudicialsystemcan’tbefoundinChina.Acase’saffirmationandverdicthavetobedirectedandinterferedbymanyindividualsandorganizationsinChina。Forinstance，ifagovernment’sleaderorofficialbreaksthelawandcommits，thejudicialdepartmentcan’tacceptthelawsuitandenquirehimatonce，beforetheCDIC(CommissionforDisciplineInspectionoftheCPC）investigatehisbehaviorandmakedecisionthatwhetherheshouldbepushedintothejudicialsystem。Iftheoffenderisadepartmentalorhigherlevelcadre，reviewinghimhavetobeapprovedandratifiedbythecentralcommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Thatistosay,ifaleaderorofficialkilledhundredsofpeople,rapedhundredsmaidensandcorruptedhundredsmillions，thecourtscan’tdoanythingtohimbeforetheCDICconfirmshisatrocitiesandcrimeseventhoughvictimshaveprosecutedhimthousandstimes.Thusitcanbeseenthatinourcountry，thereexistsanorganizationwhichhasmuchmorepowerandmuchhigherstatusthananyotherorganizations。Beforeitsrules，thelawsarehumble,faintandimpotent。So,whydosomanyunjustandunequaleventstakeplacepervasivelyandconstantly？Whydosomanyinnocentpersonshavebeenextortedconfessi...