镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室走进英语语法走进英语语法系列教材之（十五）系列教材之（十五）（内部资料）Part15虚拟语气一、知识结构树状图及诠释I.基本用法类别用法例句If引导的条件从句对现在虚拟从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.对过去虚拟从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.虚拟语气省略和倒装其他从句状语从句名词从句其他句型WishItis(high)timethat…wouldratherifonlybutfor/withoutor/orelse/otherwiseIf条件句对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟错综时间虚拟对将来虚拟从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.incase/lest/forfearthat引导的状语从句中动词用should+动词原形Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.名词从句wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.在Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用(should+)动词原形Itissuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.在demand,suggest,order,insist等后接的宾语从句中动词为(should+)动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.在suggestion,order,demand等后接的表语或同位语从句中，动词为(should+)动词原形Hissuggestionisthatwenotchangeourmind.其它句型Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!II.需要注意的几个问题：2.1错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：Ifyou’dlistenedtome,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。2．2含蓄虚拟条件句所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。2.2.1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中Iwouldwritetoher,butIdon’tknowheraddress.。(=IfIknewheraddress,Iwouldwritetoher.But…)我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址Tohavestudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.(=Ifyouhadstudiedharder,you…)你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。2.2.2.将条件隐含在分词短语中Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.(=Ifhehadbeenborninbettertimes,hewould…)如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。Failingthistime,whatwouldyoudo？(=Ifyoufailedthistime,whatwould…)假若这次失败，那你怎么办？Walkingaloneinthedark,Marywouldbeterrified.(IfMarywalkedaloneinthedark,she…)要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。2.2.3.将条件隐含在介词短语中Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,we…)如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。Indifferentcircumstances,Iwouldhavesaidyes.(=Ifcircumstanceshadbeendifferent,Iwould…)在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。2.2.4.将条件隐含在名词短语中Anypersonwhohadbehavedinthatwaywouldhavebeendismissed.(=Ifanypersonshouldbehaveinthatway…,hewould…)任何人这样做了都会被开除。Afewhoursearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenthefamouswriter.(Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier,you…)要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。2.2...
