虚拟语气1．表示主观愿望、建议、假想、虚拟、委婉的请求和祝愿等。2．虚拟条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。1）如果假设的情况是可能发生或实现的，那就是真实条件句。Ifyouhavenoelectricity,thecomputerdoesn’twork.2）如果假设的情况或发生的可能性不大或几乎没有，就是非真实条件句，或虚拟条件句。Ifthehumanpopulationhadnotincreasedsorapidly,peoplewouldhavehadmorespaceandmorefreedom.附表：虚拟条件句的两个分句中动词的一般规则从句主句与现在事实相反did,werewould/should/could/might+v.与过去事实相反had+p.p.would/should/could/might+have+p.p.与将来事实相反should/wereto+v.would/should/could/might+v.Ifmydaughterhadtime,shewouldstudyFrenchandGermantoo.IfIhadknownthoseodds(概率、机遇)20yearsago,thingsmighthaveturnedoutdifferently.HowwouldKatefunctionifChrisweretodiefirst?IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldn’thavelivedanywhereelse.Ifhelivedalonglife,chancesaregoodthattheirchildrenwillalsolivealonglife.3）有些虚拟条件句不用if从句表现出来，而是通过介词、介词短语、动词不定式短语、抽象名词、动名词短语、形容词比较级、名词---分词组成的独立主格结构、并列句、定语从句、状语从句等形式表现出来。如：without,with,under,butfor,exceptfor,givenmoretime,butthat,giventhat,or,otherwise,orelse,but,when,oncondition,unless,supposing等。Hedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterday;otherwisehewouldhavemetthenewmanager.OnescreamandIwouldhavebeentakentothecarandlecturedonmybehavior.ButforGordon,wewouldhavelostthematch.He’sbeenwatchingthewaterrisingfor2hours,preparingtomeethisdestiny,asitwere-----beforehelparrived.4）在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将从句中的助动词should/had/were置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。如：HadInotbeensobusy,Ishouldhavecalledonyou.MyparentswouldhavekilledmehadIdonesomeofthethingsIendurefromtoday’syouth.Wereshenotsohandicapped,wewouldtakehertotheAlps.(正确)Weren’tshesohandicapped,wewouldtakehertotheAlps.(错误，因为在倒装虚拟句中，不用否定分句的缩写形式。)5）Ifonly是if的强化形式，表示讲话人所祈愿的事情会发生、正在发生或早该发生。谓语动词常用过去时、过去完成时形式以及和情态动词would连用。条件分句总是放在主句之前，意为“要是、只要”、“但愿、要是…就好了”。如：Ifonlyyouwouldhelpmenextweek,Iwouldnotbesonervous.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents.Ifonlyhewerenotsotimid.6）还有一种类似的结构在主动词的前面要带only，just或but。如：IfIcouldjustmakethemunderstandmypointofview.但愿我能让他们明白我的观点。1IfIcouldbutexplain.要是我能解释一下就好了。3．虚拟预期也可用于由asif,asthough等连词所引导的让步状语从句和表语从句中，以及像wish和suppose这样的动词后面的名词性分句中。如：Thattreelookedasifithadn’tbeenwateredforalongtime.Drummingfingersonthewindow,it’sasifhesensesapresenceatthewindow.IwishIhadthefaithofthemanwhowrotetheletter.Justsupposeeveryonewere/wastogiveupsmokinganddrinking.AlthoughIamnotsorryIdecidedtobecomeajournalist,IwishthatearlyonIhadchosentobecomeatherapist.(对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔，从句谓语动词用haddone或would/could+havedone。尽管我对我决心要当一名记者并不感到遗憾，我仍愿当初选择当一名治疗专家。)Oh,Beast,IwishIcouldconsenttomarryyou.(对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，从句谓语动词用would/could+v.。哦，怪物，我希望我能答应嫁给你。)4．命令性虚拟语气由should+v.组成，should可省略，用在that分句中。表示愿望、建议、命令、意志、惊讶等语气。请记住以下的标志词：1）一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词的宾语从句。这类常见的动词有advise,ask,beg,,command,decide,demand,deserv...
