有机化学试题库参考答案一、命名下列化合物：1.2,2,5,5-四甲基己烷2.2,4-二甲基己烷3.1-丁烯-3-炔4.2-甲基-3-氯丁烷5.2-丁胺6.丙胺7.反(E)-3,4-二甲基-3-己烯8.(3E,5E)-3-甲基-4,5-二氯-3,5-辛二烯9.2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯10.甲苯11.硝基苯12.苯甲醛13.2-硝基-4-溴甲苯14.苯甲酰胺15.2-甲基-5-溴苯胺16.2,2,4-三甲基戊醇17.5-甲基-2-己醇18.(二)乙醚19.苯甲醚20.甲乙醚21.3-戊酮22.3-甲基戊醛23.2,4-戊二酮24.邻苯二甲酸酐25.苯乙酸甲酯26.N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺27.(3R)-2-甲基-3-氯丁烷28.(2S,3S)-3,4-二羟基-2-氯丁醛29.(2R,3S)-2-甲基-3-氨基丁二酸30.β–D-葡萄糖31.α–D-葡萄糖32.α–D-果糖33.3-甲基吡咯34.2-乙基噻吩35.α–呋喃甲酸36.4-甲基吡喃37.4-乙基吡啶38.硬脂酸39.反-1,3-二氯环己烷40.顺-1-甲基-3-乙基环戊烷41.顺-1,2-二甲基环丙烷二、写出下列各化合物的结构式：CH3CHCCH3CH3CH3CHCH3CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH2-C-CH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3CH2CH31.2.3.CCCH3CH2HCH3HCH3CH2CH2C=CH2C2H54.5.6.CCCH3HHCHCCH3HHHCH3CH3C2H5HHC2H57.8.9.CH3NO2NO2CH3CCHCH=CH2CH=CH210.11.12.13.BrOHCOOHBrCHOCH3CH3CH3CH2OHCH2=CHCH2CHCH2CH3OH14.15.16.17.CH(CH3)2OHBrBrOHSO3HNO2CH3C-CH2-C-OC2H5OOOC=CH-C-CH3C6H518.19.20.21.OCH3CCCH3HCHOHCH3CH3C-CHOCH322.23.24.OCH2OHOHOHOHOHOCH2OHOHOHOHOHOCH2OHOHOHOHCH2OHOCH2OHOHOHOHCH2OH25.26.27.28.COOHCOOHHOHHOHCONHCH3NHC6H5NH2RS29.30.31.CONHC6H5HCSCONC2H5C2H532.33.34.CCCH3(CH2)7H(CH2)7CH3HCHCHCH3(CH2)7(CH2)7CH3CONH2CH2NH2CONHNH2CONH235.36.37.OCOCCOHOHClFHBrOCHOR38.39.40.三、判断选择：1C2A3C4A5BDCA6A7A8D9A10B11B12AC13BCD14D15B16C17A18D19B20A21(1)22A23(4)24B25(3)26(4)27(1)28A29(1)30A31C32D33C34C35C36B37C38C四、完成下列反应式：CCl(CH3)2CH3CH-C(CH3)2CH3COOHCH2=CH-CCAgHBr4.1.2.3.BrCH2CH3HOOCCOOHCH3-C-CH-CH3BrCH3CH3BrCH2CH35.6.7.+CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)2CH3CHCH(CH3)2COHOOCOH10.8.9.ClCH=CH-CH2OHClCH=CHCH2ONO2CH3CHO11.12.13.CH3CCH3OHCH3CH2COOHCH2=CHCH2ClO14.15.16.17.+CH3IBrBrBrOHOONO2OHNO2OH18.19.20.+CH3CH2COONaCH3CH2CHCNCH3CHCH2CHOCH3IOHOHCH3CH=CHCHO21.22.23.+()(CH3)3CCH2OHCHCH2CHOOHCH=CHCHO(CH3)3CCOONa25.24.()+CH(OCH3)2COONaCHI326.27.+CH3CH=CHCOOHCH3CHCOOCHCH3COOCH2COOCH2CH228.29.30.CH3CHO+HCOOHCH3CHOCH3C-CH2C-OC2H5OO31.32.33.CH3-C-CH3+CO2+C2H5OHCH3COOH+C2H5OHO34.35.2CH3CH2OH(CH3CH2)2N-N=OH2NCH2COOH+NH2CH(CH3)COOH36.37.38.CH3CHCOOHCH2OHCHOHCH2OHCH=NNHC6H5CH2OHHOHOHHOHHOHC17H35COOHNNHC6H5C39.40.41.+=五、用简便的化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：4.无水ZnCl2的浓盐酸溶液：立即出现浑浊的是叔丁醇，片刻后出现浑浊的是仲丁醇，正丁醇反应最慢。六、用化学方法分离下列混合物：2.NaHCO3溶液：水层为苯甲酸钠，加酸得苯甲酸；有机层为苯酚。七、除杂:(括号内为杂质)1.加冷、浓硫酸，分出有机层苯即可除去噻吩。2.加浓硫酸，乙烯与浓硫酸反应而被除去。（注意不可用Br2/CCl4！）3.加Cu加热，即可除去乙醇。4.先加酸性KMnO4，再加NaOH溶液，分出有机层苯即可除去甲苯。5.加NaOH溶液，分出水层酸化即可除去乙苯。八、推断结构式：CH3C-OCH=CH2OCH3CH3CH-CHCH3OHCH3CH3CH-CCH3OCH3CH3C=CHCH31.2.ABCCH2OHCHOHOHOHHCH2OHCHOHOHHOHAB3.CH2OHCHOCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCHOCOOHCOOH4.ABCDECH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CHCH=CHCH3CH3CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3AorB5.C=CHCH2CH2CCH3CH3CH3OC=CCH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CCH2CH2COOHO6.AorBCH3CH=CHCHOCH2=CHCH2CHOCH2=C-CHOCH37.ororOMeOHCH3I8.ABC.CH2-C-NHCH-C-OHNH2CH3OO9.九.合成CH3COOHNO2HNO3/H2SO4KMnO4/HCOOH1.+CH3COOHBrCH3BrKMnO4/H2.Br2/FeBr3+CH3CH2CH2BrCH3CH(OH)CH3NaOH/C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH3OSO2OHH3OH2SO43.浓+CH3CH2OHCH3CH=CHCHOCrO3CH3CHONaOH4./吡啶稀CH3CH2BrCH3CH2COOHNaCN/C2H5OHCH3CH2CNH3O5.+CH2=CH2CH3COOC2H5CH3CH2OHKMnO4/HCH3COOHCH3CH2OH6.H2O/H++H+
