Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmericaⅠ.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnitTheUnitedStatesofAmericaisadevelopedcountryandalsoaboomingcountry,whichhasahistoryofonly200~300years.AftertheUSAwasfounded,theAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861,whichbroughtsufferingtothepeopleoftheUSA,especiallythoseintheSouth.RebuildingtheSouthbecameanessentialtaskatthattime.ThisunitmainlytalksabouttherebuildinganddevelopmentoftheAmericanSouth.AndAtlantaisagoodillustration.ItalsodealswiththebisonontheplainsofAmerica.BecausethebisonwaskilledinhugenumbersbyEuropeansettlers,thebalanceofthewholewildlifewasdestroyed.Afterlearningtheunit,weletthestudentslearnabouttheearlyhistoryofAmerica.Besides,someusefulexpressionsandphrasesshouldbemastered,andNon-finiteverbsneedtobereviewed,especiallytheirpassiveforms.Ⅱ.TeachingGoals1.TalkabouttheUSA.2.Practisedescribingplaces.3.ReviewNon-finiteVerbs(2).4.Writeacomparisonessay.Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation1.TheAmericanCivilWarThewarof1861~1865betweenthenorthernstates(theUnion)andthesouthernstates(theConfederacy)isalsocalledtheWarbetweentheStatesortheWaroftheRebellion.Thereweremanycauses,ofwhichthemostimportantweredisagreementoverslavery,andthequarrelconcerningFederalcontrolandStates’Rights.ThedirectcauseofthewarwastheelectionofLincolnasPresident;thiswasfollowedbythesecessionofthesouthernstatesfromtheUnionandthefoundingoftheConfederacy,withJeffersonDavisasitsPresident.TheNorthhadmanyadvantages,afargreaterpopulation,morerailwaylines,andmorefactories.ButtheConfederatesfoughthardandwereatfirstsuccessful:theywonthebattlesofBullRunandFredericksburg;butthenLeewasdefeatedatGettysburgandtheUnionarmyledbyGrantwoncontrolofMississippi.AdmiralFarragantforcedNewOrleanstosurrender:Texas,ArkansasandLouisianawerecutofffromtherestoftheConfederacy.AftertheUnionwontheVicksburgcampaign,ShermanmadehismarchthroughGeorgiatothesea,andLeesurrenderedtoGrantatAppomattonCourtHouse,Virginia,onApril9,1865.Lincolnwasassassinatedinthesamemonth.Slaverywasdeclaredunconstitutional.Theperiodafterthewar(Reconstruction),whentheSouthwasoccupiedbytheWorth,leftbitternessthathasnotyetentirelyvanished.DuringReconstructionthesouthernstateswereadmittedbackintotheUnion.2.TheWarofAmericanIndependence(AlsocalledtheRevolutionaryWar1775~1783)ThestruggleofthethirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericaforindependenceendedintheformingoftheUSA.ThemaincausesofthewarweretaxesimposedbytheBritishgovernment,e.g.theStampTaxof1765andtheTeaTax.Thecoloniesrebelledin1775;thefirstshotswerefiredatLexington,andtheFirstbattlewasfaughtatBunkerHill.ThecontinentalCongressappointedGeneralWashingtonasleaderofitsforces,andissuedtheDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4,1776.GeneralBurgoyneledaBritisharmydownfromCanadabutwasforcedtosurrenderatSaratoga(Oct.1777).HewassupposedtomeetthearmyofGeneralHowe,who用心爱心专心115号编辑managedtooccupyPhiladelphia.Washingtonspentthehardwinterof1777~1778atValleyForge,andhaddifficultyinkeepinghismentogether,France(1778),Spain(1779)andtheNetherlands(1780)joinedthewaragainstBritain.BritishforcesunderCornwalliswonvictoriesintheSouthwhereBritainhadsomepopularsupport,butCornwalliswasdefeatedatYorktown,Virginia,andforcedtosurrender(Oct.19/1781),whichpracticallybroughtthewartoanend.Atsea,Britainhadtofighttokeephernavalsupremacy,butafterYorktowntheAmericanportswerelostonebyone.ThewarwasendedbytheTreatyofParis,1783,whichrecognizedtheindependen...
