多孔材料(综述)VIP免费

多孔陶瓷材料的制备及其应用丁正平摘要:多孔材料由于其孔结构所具有的性能，在工业和社会生产中作用显著，本文第一章简述了多孔材料的分类、与传统材料的差别、制备的一般方法、评价体系以及应用。多孔材料主要分为两大类多孔陶瓷和多孔金属材料。多孔陶瓷由于既具有陶瓷的一般性质又具有独特的多孔结构，因而既具有一般陶瓷的性质，比如：耐热性能、稳定的化学性能、一定的强度；同时具有孔结构的渗透性能、吸声性能等等，因而在很多方面具有应用。本文综述了多孔陶瓷的几种制备方法、性能表征、以及几个方面的应用。关键词：多孔陶瓷制备应用目录1.多孔材料································································11.1多孔材料的概念·····················································11.2多孔材料的分类·····················································11.3多孔材料的性能特点·················································21.4一般多孔材料的制备方法·············································31.5成品的评价系统·····················································31.6多孔材料的应用·····················································32.多孔陶瓷································································42.1概述·······························································42.2性能特点···························································42.3多孔陶瓷制备方法···················································42.4性能及表征························································102.5多孔陶瓷的应用··················································142.6前景与展望······················································16参考文献································································181多孔材料1.1多孔材料的概念多孔材料是一种由相互贯通或封闭的孔洞构成网络结构的材料，孔洞的边界或表面由支柱或平板构成。这些支柱或者平板通常被称为固定相，起到支撑整个材料的作用，材料的力学性能主要取决于固定相的性能，孔洞中填充的物质称之为流动相，根据填充物物理状态的不同，又可以细分为气相和液相，气相的较为常见，整个多孔材料就是由固定向和流动相组成。典型的孔结构有：一种是由大量多边形孔在平面上聚集形成的二维结构；由于其形状类似于蜂房的六边形结构而被称为“蜂窝”材料；更为普遍的是由大量多面体形状的孔洞在空间聚集形成的三维结构,通常称之为“泡沫”材料。根据功能材料的要求，多孔材料的具备以下两个要素:一是材料中必须包含大量的空隙；二是材料必须被用来满足某种或者某些设计要求已达到所期待的某种性能指标，多孔材料中的空隙相识设计者和使用者所希望得到的功能相，为材料的性能提供优化作用[1]。多孔材料在自然界中很常见，而且具有一些优良的力学性能，被人们广泛利用。最为常见的就是木材，木材中间有很多细小的空洞，在多年前的古埃及金字塔中...