第三单元生物圈中的人第三章人体内的物质运输一．学法指导1.描述血液的成分和各部分的主要功能。2.能够解读血常规化验单，明确输血原则。3.描述动脉、静脉和毛细血管的结构与功能特点。4.识图说出心脏适于血液循环的特点。5.概述血液循环的途径，区分动脉血和静脉血。6.说出影响心血管健康的因素，关注心血管健康。二．学习目标（一）、自主探究考点一物质运输的载体血液组成和功能1)血浆：形态：_____色半透明液体。组成：_______________________________________________________等。功能：__________________________________________________________________。2）考点二物质运输的器官1、血流的管道-----血管血管的特点动脉静脉毛细血管管壁、弹性管径血流速度血流方向图示（2）图中A与___________相通，B与____________相通，C与____________相通和_________相通，D与___________相通。（3）心脏壁最厚的是_______________。考点三物质运输的途径1、体循环①路线：血液_____________________________________________________________________________________________。②血液成分的变化：由_______________血变为_______________血。2、血压与脉搏1）血压：流动的血液对______产生_____________,通常指______________________。2）正常值：收缩压为___________千帕，舒张压为________________千帕。3）血压异常：高血压_____________________________。低血压_________________________________________。4）脉搏：___________________________________的搏动，通常在_________________________处测得。1（二）、合作探究1、观察人血的永久涂片1）材料用具：_______________________________________________________________2）方法步骤：①②3）实验现象：①显微镜下明显可见：_____________________________________________②如何区别白细胞与红细胞：具体是__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。③在低倍镜下看不到的血细胞是：_____________________________________________4)实验结论：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。2、观察血液流动的情况1）材料用具：_______________________________________________________________2）方法步骤：①______________________________________________________________________________②______________________________________________________________________________③_______________________________________________________________________________④_________________________________________________________________________________3)实验结论：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。4）实验注意事项：①为什么常用滴管往棉絮上滴水？_____________________________________________②如何观察尾鳍？_________________________________________________________________。③如何选择实验材料？_____________________________________________④观察的顺序是怎样的？__________________________________________________________。3、观察心脏的结构1）材料用具：_______________________________________________________________2）方法步骤：①______________________________________________________________________________②______________________________________________________________________________③_______________________________________________________________________________④_________________________________________________________________________________3)注意事项：①如何区分心脏的上下、左右、...
