MasaccioMasaccio(1401-1427),thefirstgreatpainteroftheItalianRenaissance,whoseinnovationsintheuseofscientificperspectiveinauguratedthemodernerainpainting.Masaccio,originallynamedTommasoCassai,wasborninSanGiovanniValdarno,nearFlorence,onDecember21,1401.HejoinedthepaintersguildinFlorencein1422.Hisremarkablyindividualstyleowedlittletootherpainters,exceptpossiblythegreat14th-centurymasterGiotto.HewasmorestronglyinfluencedbythearchitectBrunelleschiandthesculptorDonatello,bothofwhomwerehiscontemporariesinFlorence.FromBrunelleschiheacquiredaknowledgeofmathematicalproportionthatwascrucialtohisrevivaloftheprinciplesofscientificperspective.FromDonatelloheimbibedaknowledgeofclassicalartthatledhimawayfromtheprevailingGothicstyle.Heinauguratedanewnaturalisticapproachtopaintingthatwasconcernedlesswithdetailsandornamentationthanwithsimplicityandunity,lesswithflatsurfacesthanwiththeillusionofthreedimensionality.TogetherwithBrunelleschiandDonatello,hewasafounderoftheRenaissance.OnlyfourunquestionablyattributableworksofMasacciosurvive,althoughvariousotherpaintingshavebeenattributedinwholeorinparttohim.Allofhisworksarereligiousinnature—altarpiecesorchurchfrescoes.Theearliest,apanel,theMadonnawithSt.Anne(circa1423,Uffizi,Florence),showstheinfluenceofDonatelloinits用心爱心专心realisticfleshtexturesandsolidlyroundedforms.ThefrescoTrinity(c.1425,SantaMariaNovella,Florence)usedfullperspectiveforthefirsttimeinWesternart.HisaltarpieceforSantaMariadelCarmine,Pisa(1426),withitscentralpaneloftheAdorationoftheMagi(nowintheStaatlicheMuseen,Berlin),wasasimple,unadornedversionofathemethatwastreatedbyotherpaintersinamoredecorative,ornamentalmanner.ThefrescoseriesfortheBrancacciChapelinSantaMariadelCarmine,Florence(about1427)illustratesanotherofhisgreatinnovations,theuseoflighttodefinethehumanbodyanditsdraperies.Inthesefrescoes,ratherthanbathinghisscenesinflatuniformlight,hepaintedthemasiftheywereilluminatedfromasinglesourceoflight(theactualchapelwindow),thuscreatingaplayoflightandshadow(chiaroscuro)thatgavethemanatural,realisticqualityunknownintheartofhisday.Ofthesesixfrescoscenes,TributeMoneyandtheExpulsionfromParadiseareconsideredhismasterpieces.Masaccio'sworkexertedastronginfluenceonthecourseoflaterFlorentineartandparticularlyontheworkofMichelangelo.HediedinRomein1427or1428.用心爱心专心
