英汉互译实践与技巧第一页,共七十三页。第一讲翻译简论第二讲英汉语言对比研究第三讲Diction遣词用字第四讲Amplification增词法第五讲Omission省略法第六讲Conversion转换第七讲Restructuring结构调整第八讲ThePassiveVoice被动语态第九讲Affirmativevs.Negative肯定与否定第十讲NominalClauses名词性从句第十一讲AttributiveClause定语从句第十二讲AdverbialClause状语从句第十三讲LongSentences长句的翻译第二页,共七十三页。实用文体翻译1:简历实用文体翻译2:求职信实用文体翻译3:通知实用文体翻译4:致辞实用文体翻译5:企业或学校简介实用文体翻译6:新闻英语实用文体翻译7:考研英语实用文体翻译8:论文题目、摘要实用文体翻译9:科技英语第三页,共七十三页。第六讲Conversion转换一、教学重点:1.词类和句子成分转换2.转换的必要性和灵活应用二、教学内容:1.英译汉的常用词类转换形式2.汉译英的词类转换第四页,共七十三页。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式1、ConvertingintoVerbsFamiliesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。1)NounsConvertedintoVerbsThesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我感到心驰神往。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭己被用来探索宇宙。第五页,共七十三页。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式2)PrepositionsConvertedintoVerbsAforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.为使物体克服惯性而运动,就需要个力。Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.党的干部每天长时间工作,吃的是粗茶淡饭,住的是冰冷的窑洞,点的是霜淡的油灯。第六页,共七十三页。3)AdjectivesConvertedintoVerbsDoctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示,但是我必须小心谨慎。4)AdverbsConvertedintoVerbsWhentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn'tgothrough.当开关断开时,电路就形成开路,电流不能通过。Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.这种情况下,炉温就升高。第七页,共七十三页。2、ConvertingintoNouns1)VerbsConvertedintoNounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐磨性强。Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.设计的目的在于自动操作,调节方便,维护简易,生产率高。2)AdjectivesConvertedintoNounsTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.在裂变过程中,裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。第八页,共七十三页。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式3)PronounsConvertedintoNounsThespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.这次实验的结果比前儿次的实验结果部好得多。第九页,共七十三页。Ⅰ.ConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslation英译汉的常用词类转换形式3、ConvertingintoAdjectives1)NounsConvertedintoAdjectivesThepallorofhefaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingathemoment.她苍自的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Thisexperimentwasasuccess.这个实验很成功。2)AdverbsConvertedintoAdjectivesEarthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。Thepressureinsideequalsthepressureoutside.内部的...