LandLandisadelineable[diˈlinieit]areaoftheearth'sterrestrial[tiˈrestriəl]surface,encompassingallattributesofthebiosphereimmediatelyaboveorbelowthissurfaceincludingthoseofthenear-surfaceclimatethesoilandterrainforms,thesurfacehydrology(includingshallowlakes,rivers,marshes,andswamps[swɔmp]),thenear-surfacesedimentary/ˌsedɪˈmentəri/(沉淀性的)layersandassociatedgroundwaterreserve,theplantandanimalpopulations,thehumansettlementpatternandphysicalresultsofpastandpresenthumanactivity(terracing,waterstorageordrainagestructures,roads,buildings,etc.[etˈsetərə](=etcetera)).(UN,1994)LanduseLanduseisthehumanmodificationofnaturalenvironmentorwildernessintobuiltenvironmentsuchasfields,pastures,andsettlements.Themajoreffectoflanduseonlandcoversince1750hasbeendeforestationoftemperateregions.Morerecentsignificanteffectsoflanduseincludeurbansprawl,soilerosion,soildegradation,salinization[səlini'zeiʃən],anddesertification.Land-usechange,togetherwithuseoffossilfuels,arethemajoranthropogenicsourcesofcarbondioxide,adominantgreenhousegas.Ithasalsobeendefinedas"thetotalofarrangements,activities,andinputsthatpeopleundertakeinacertainlandcovertype".FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaLandcoverLandcovercorrespondstoa(bio)physicaldescriptionoftheearth'ssurface.Itisthatwhichoverlaysorcurrentlycoverstheground.Thisdescriptionenablesvariousbiophysicalcategoriestobedistinguished-basically,areasofvegetation(trees,bushes,fieldsandlawn),baresoil,hardsurfaces(rocks,buildings)andwetareasandbodiesofwater(watercourses水流(河床),wetlands).Therearetwoprimarymethodsforcapturinginformationonlandcover:fieldsurveyandthoroughanalysisofremotelysensedimagery.ThenatureoflandcoverisdiscussedinComberetal.(2005).AComber,PFisher,RWadsworth.Whatislandcover?EnvironmentandPlanningB:PlanningandDesign,2005DifferenceLandusecorrespondstothesocio-economicdescription(functionaldimension)ofareas:areasusedforresidential,industrialorcommercialpurposes,forfarmingorforestry,forrecreationalorconservationpurposes,etc.Linkswithlandcoverarepossible;itmaybepossibletoinferlandusefromlandcoverandconversely.Butsituationsareoftencomplicatedandthelinkisnotsoevident.Contrarytolandcover,landuseisdifficultto'observe'.Forexample,itisoftendifficulttodecideifgrasslandsareusedornotforagriculturalpurposes.Distinctionsbetweenlanduseandlandcoverandtheirdefinitionhaveimpactsonthedevelopmentofclassificationsystems,datacollectionandinformationsystemsingeneral.(UNEP)Landcoverisdistinctfromlandusedespitethetwotermsoftenbeingusedinterchangeably.Landuseisadescriptionofhowpeopleutilizethelandandsocio-economicactivity-urbanandagriculturallandusesaretwoofthemostcommonlyrecognisedhigh-levelclassesofuse.Atanyonepointorplace,theremaybemultipleandalternatelanduses,thespecificationofwhichmayhaveapoliticaldimension.LandmanagementLandmanagementcanbedefinedastheprocessofmanagingtheuseanddevelopment(inbothurbanandsuburbansettings)oflandresourcesinasustainableway.Landresourcesareusedforavarietyofpurposeswhichinteractandmaycompetewithoneanother;therefore,itisdesirabletoplanandmanageallusesinanintegratedmanner.LandadministrationTheconceptsoflandadministrationarethereflectionofviewsonlandproperties.InChina,scholarsholdideasthatlandadministrationistheprocessoforganization,coordination,supervisionandmanagementonlandresources,landuse,landpropertyrightsandlandprofitwithpoli...