英语词汇讲义VIP免费

Lexicology李强：13926195593,liqiang_56@hotmail.comCourseTargets:VocabularyenlargementLexicologicaltheoriesCourseRules:1.Self-studyandunderstandeverysingleprintsymbolofallthetext,fromwhichsome80%ofallthefinalexamquestionswillbeextracted.2.Screenoutallthenewwordsandexpressionsduringourcoursepresentationandcompileamini-English-ChineseDictionary(withnolessthan2000entries)ofyourownbytheendofthesemester.3.Finishindependentlyalltheexercisesaftereachunitwithoutdroppinganysingleitem.-lexic-=wordsdictionarydict-ion-aryIntroduction0.1Nature&Domain（范畴）◆abranchoflinguistics,inquiringinto（探讨）theorigins&meaningsofwords.◆bothatheoreticalandapracticalcourse:→basictheoriesofwords→words&idioms,usageexamples（用例）副产品by-product0.2RelationtoOtherDisciplines(学科subject,course,program)，well-disciplined训练有素的morph-=form,-ology=学科，-em-=element素Morphology（词形学、形态学）:abranchofgrammar（linguistics）studyingthestructureorformsofwords,primarilythroughtheuseofmorpheme（相当于汉语的偏旁部首）construct.Phoneme音素（音标）phonetic48phonemes*oneofthemajorconcerns（关注）oflexicologyEtymology（词源学）:studiestheorigins&historyoftheform&meaningofwords.Loquat（源于广东话）枇杷Seman-=meaning；pragmatics语用学pragmaticsSemantics（语义学）:studiesmeaningsofdifferentlinguisticlevels（层面）:lexis,syntax（句法）,utterancediscourse,etc.（itdependsoncontexts取决于语境）Stylistics（语体学、风格学、文体学）:thestudyofstyle,concerning（涉及）theuser’schoicesoflinguisticelements（语言元素）inaparticularcontext（语境）forspecialeffects.Text-=编织，con-=together共同、一起Pretext借口excuseCalligraphy,telegraph,phonographLexicography（词典学）:编纂torecordthelanguageasitisusedsoastopresentthegenuinepictureofwordstothereader,providingtheauthoritativereference权威参考.Authority,authorize,author=writerYoucanreferto参考thatbook.0.3MethodsofStudy词汇学研究方法•Synchronic（共时的）:studiedatapointintimechron-=timetaikonauticssympathize,sym-=same；path-感情•Diachronic（历时的）:studiedhistoricallydia-=through穿过，diameter直径0.4Aim&Significance，signify,•Amongsounds,grammar&vocabulary（语言三大要素）,thelastisprovedtobeparticularlyimportantandthemostdifficultfoot&mouthdiseaseCDMA码分多址技术DIY=doityourself-vey,-voy=way他心通：武功术语•Wilkins:Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed;withoutvocabulary,nothingcanbeconveyed.•McCarthy:echoedthesamemessage.•Forstudents:todevelopyourwordpower,tounderstandthegenuinemeaning&originofwords,hence,tousethemmoreefficiently•Forteachers:toteachthelanguagemoreefficientlyChapterOneBasicConcepts1.1WhatisaWord?a)Aminimalfreeformofalanguage;b)Asoundunity;c)Aunitofmeaning;d)AformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceAminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound&meaning&syntacticfunction.1.2Sound&MeaningThereisnologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself.E.g.woman,Frau,femme,女人，じょせいMeet,meat,metePear,pair;knight,night1.3Sound&FormOriginally:writtenform=oralformSpellingChanges:•Phonemes>letters•Soundschangemorequickly•Scribeschangedsomespellings•Borrowedwords借词manuscript1.4Vocabulary:Differentsenses:•Totalnumberofwordsofalanguage•Allthewordsinaparticularhistoricalperiod•Allthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplineorevenagivenperson1.5ClassificationofWords（幻灯片lexico第10页词汇分类表）Criteri...