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测绘专业英语EnglishforSurveying测绘遥感信息工程系常德娥2009.09.01☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsLessonOneSummaryofDefinitions☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsLessonOne:SummaryofDefinitions•NewwordsandExpressions–levelsurface水准面–curvedadj.弯曲的–elementn..元素–normalto与……垂直，是……的法线–plumbline铅垂线–disregardvt.不考虑、不管☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•NewwordsandExpressions–deviationn.偏离、偏差–verticaln.垂直线adj.垂直的–meanadj.平均的–spheroidn.旋转椭球体–horizontalplane水准面–tangentto与……相切–intersectionn.交叉、相交☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•NewwordsandExpressions–perpendicularto与…..垂直–nadirn.天底–zenithn.天顶–termvt.称……为……..–inclinedadj.倾斜的–inpractically实质上，实际上–equivalentadj.等价的☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•NewwordsandExpressions–elevationn..高度、海拔–Arbitrarilyadv.任意的–Assumevt.假定为–Datumn.大地水准面–Contourn.轮廓、等高线–Correspondingadj.相应的☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•NewwordsandExpressions–Differenceinelevation高差–Levelingn.水准测量–Gradientn.倾斜度–Slopen.坡度☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsTextText•Part1:–Definitionoflevelsurface(para1)–Alevelsurfaceisacurvedsurface,everyelementofwhichisnormaltoaplumbline,disregardinglocaldeviationsoftheplumblinefromtheverticalwiththemeanspheroidsurfaceoftheearth.–水准面是弯曲的表面，水准面上的每一个元素都与铅垂线垂直，（这种垂直关系）是假定不考虑某处的铅垂线与地球平均旋转椭球面的垂线间的偏差。☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsThepictureoflevelsurface☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•Part2:–Definitionsofhorizontalplane、horizontallineandangle(Para2、3and4)–Ahorizontalplaneisaplanetangenttoalevelsurfaceataparticularpoint.–水平面是在特定点上相切于水准面的平面.☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•Horizontallineandangle–Ahorizontallineisalinetangenttoalevelsurface.–水平线是相切于水准面的线.–Insurveying,itiscommonlyunderstoodthatahorizontallineisstraight.–在测量学里,通常认为水平线是直线.☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•Horizontallineandangle–Ahorizontalangleisanangleformedbytheintersectionoftwolinesinahorizontalplane.–水平角是由水平面内两条相交线所构成的角.☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsThepictureofhorizontalangleabcABCabcabcABCABC☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitions•Part3:–Definitionsofverticalline、verticalplaneandangle(para5、6、7、8)–Averticallineisalineperpendiculartotheplane.–Aplumblineisanexample.–垂线是垂直于平面的直线，例如铅垂线。☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsPart3–Averticallineinthedirectiontowardthecenteroftheearthistobesaidinthedirectionofnadir.–指向球心的垂线为天底方向（的垂线）.–Averticallineinthedirectionawayfromthecenteroftheearthandaboveobservor’sheadissaidtodirectedthezenith.–远离球心且在观测者上方的垂线为天顶方向。☻LessonOneLessonOne::SummaryofDefinitionsSummaryofDefinitionsPart3–Verticalplane:–Averticalplaneisaplaneinwhichtheverticallineisanelement.–垂直面是以垂线为元素的平...