Mechanicaldigging•Thistechnologytodetailcontentsuitableforindustrialandcivilbuildings,structuresoflargeFoundationpit(slots),trenchandthelargeareaofflatspaceandotherearthworks溪洛渡电站大坝基坑开挖沟槽开挖MajormachineEarthmovingmachinery:Excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,dumptruck,etc挖掘机自动倾卸车推土机刮运机MajormachineGeneraltools:Spade(pointedandflat),trolleys,smallwhitelinesor20#Wireand2mSlopeandfootsteeltape,andsoon.一般机具有：铁锹（尖、平头两种）、手推车、小白线或20号铅丝和钢卷尺以及坡度尺等Operationalconditions作业条件1.将施工区域内的地下、地上障碍物清除1.obstructionsintheconstructionareaofundergroundandtheground,clearedandprocessed2.建筑物或构筑物的位置或场地的定位控制线（桩）2.Locationofabuildingorstructureorsitepositioningofthelineofcontrol(piles)graylinesizeofthelevelandslottedtogothroughinspectionOperationalconditions作业条件5.开挖有地下水位的基坑槽、管沟时，应根据当地工程地质资料，采取措施降低地下水位5.WhenexcavationofFoundationpitandtrenchinthegroundwater,shouldbebasedonthelocalgeologicaldatainengineeringandtakemeasurestoreducethegroundwaterlevelProcessflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaningsideandbottom.修边和清底Thegradientdetermines坡度的确定Dense,mediumdensesandorgraveltypesoil(forsandfilling)-1．0m密实、中密的砂土和碎石类土（充填物为砂土）一1.0rn.Hardplastic,plasticlightloamandloam-1．25m硬塑、可塑的粘质粉土及粉质粘土一1.25mHardplastic,plasticclayandgraveltypesoil(fillingclay)-1.5m硬塑、可塑的粘土和碎石类土（充填物为粘性土）1.5m.Hardclay-2．0m坚硬性粘土一2.0m.当挖土深度不超过这些数值规定时，可不放坡，不加支撑.•开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，应合理确定开挖顺序、路线及开挖深度•WhenexcavationofFoundationpit(slots)ortrenchshouldreasonablydeterminetherouteandexcavationdepthofexcavationsequence,andsegmentandheirarchicaldugundertheaverage.•超过上述规定深度，在5m以内时，当土具有天然湿度、构造均匀、水文地质条件好，且无地下水，不加支撑的基坑（槽）和管沟，必须放坡。•Overthisdepth,whenbetween5m,whentheEarthhasanaturalhumidity,constructedevenly,goodhydro-geologicalcondition,withoutgroun•………….•采用反铲、拉铲挖土机开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，其施工方法有两种•Usedbackhoe,whenbackhoeexcavatorexcavationpit(slots)orchannel,therearetwomethodsofitsconstruction:Lateralexcavationmethod侧向挖土法Enddiglaw端头挖土法挖土机从基坑（槽）或管沟的端头以倒退行驶的方法进行开挖。自卸汽车配置在挖土机的两侧装运土挖土机一面沿着基坑（槽）或管沟的一侧移动，自卸汽车在另一侧装运土Processflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaningsideandbottom.修边和清底•Earthworkexcavationshouldbelayeredsectionfromtoptobottominturn.Atanytimetofinishacertainslope,anddrain•土方开挖宜从上到下分层分段依次进行。随时作成一定坡势，以利泄水•在开挖过程中，应随时检查槽壁和边坡的状态。深度大于1.5m时，根据土质变化情况，应做好基坑（槽）或管沟的支撑准备，以防坍陷•Intheprocessofexcavation,shouldcheckthestatusofthetankwallandslopeatanytime.Whenthepitandtrenchdepthisgreaterthan1.5m,accordingtosoilconditions,shouldbereadyforthesupporttoavoidcollapse•IncaseofEarth-movingmachineryconstructioncannottake,shouldconformtothelaborreadyforminingandcartsshippedtoearth-movingmachinerydiggingtoplace,intimeforpoaching•在机械施工挖不到的土方，应配...
