周尊国世界农场动物福利协会中国代表ChinaRepresentativeCompassioninWorldFarming农场动物福利和鹅肥肝FarmAnimalWelfareandFoieGrasProduction2012年3月1日世界农场动物福利协会COMPASSIONINWORLDFARMING由英国农民PeterRoberts于1967年创建。istheleadingfarmanimalwelfarecharity,foundedin1967byPeterRoberts,aBritishfarmerwhobecamehorrifiedbythedevelopmentofmodern,intensivefactoryfarming.CompassioninWorldFarminghasgrownintoanorganizationwithofficesandrepresentativesinmanycountries,includingChina.动物福利的定义1-Brambellreport(1965):"Welfareisawidetermthatembracesboththephysiologicalandmentalwell-beingoftheanimal.Anyattempttoevaluatewelfare,therefore,musttakeintoaccountthescientificevidenceavailableconcerningthefeelingsofanimalsthatcanbederivedfromtheirstructureandfunctionandalsofromtheirbehaviour”.2-Lorz(1973):"Livinginharmonywiththeenvironmentandwithitself,bothphysicallyandpsychologically".生理和心理上都能够与其所处环境及自身保持和谐。3-Wiepkema(1982):"TheinadequacyoftheprogrammesperformedtocontrolrelevantaspectsoftheUmwelt,orthepermanentfailureofanybehaviour,mustcauseseverefeelingsofdistress.Inthisperiodtheanimalreallysuffersanditswell-beingisatstake".动物福利的定义4-Broom(1986,1996):"Thewelfareofanindividualisitsstateasregardsitsattemptstocopewithitsenvironment"."Theoriginoftheconceptishowwelltheindividualisfaringortravellingthroughlife.Thestatecanbegoodorpoorbut,ineithercase,therewilloftenbefeelingsassociatedwiththestate,whichweshouldtrytomeasure,aswellasusingmoredirectmeasures."5-"Welfareissolelydependentonwhatanimalsfeel",福利完全取决于动物感觉如何(DuncanandPetherick,1989).6-"Welfareismainlydependentonwhatanimalsfeel"福利主要取决于动物感觉如何(Dawkins,1990).农场动物福利和健康的定义Definingfarmanimalhealth&welfare•身体匀称感觉良好‘Fitandfeelinggood’•可持续的身体和精神健康Sustainedphysicalandmentalhealth•没有疾病Absenceofdisease•没有痛苦（如疼痛、恐惧或者衰竭）Absenceofsuffering(egpain,fearorexhaustion)•能够表达自然的行为Abilitytocarryoutnormalbehaviour•舒适、友伴、安全Comfort,companionship,security*ProfJWebster动物的感知力Whatisanimalsentience?Beingableto:•Feelpainandsuffer•Learnfromexperience•Makechoices•Havefeelingsofjoy,fearormisery•Enjoythecompanyofothers能够:•感觉到疼痛和折磨•习得经验•做出选择•有快乐、恐惧或痛苦等感觉•喜欢同伴的陪伴情感安全Emotionalsecurity图片来源:CompassioninWorldFarming/XiaoShibai肖诗白进行交流Communicationwithothers物种间交流Inter-speciescommunication©CompassioninWorldFarming/WongChiKeung动物是有感知力的生命，发生在它们身上的一切，对它们很重要Animalsaresentientbeings,andwhathappenstothem,matterstothem.最新研究结果：母鸡对小鸡具有同理心（受对方的情感状态影响或感同身受的能力）Motherhensfeelempathyfortheirchicks聪明的乌鸦无需“深思熟虑”发现嘴无法够到管内的小桶时，乌鸦将注意力转移到铁丝上。直的铁丝无法将小桶取出乌鸦利用瓶口将铁丝顶端弯成钩状顺利勾出装有虫子的小桶鹅肝生产每年，八千二百万只鸭和七十万只鹅被用于肥肝生产。根据肥鹅肝的定义，强饲法是必须的。(见农事法典L.654-27-1)强饲法强饲法是通过一根强行插入喉咙的管子把大量高能量，(成分)不平衡的食物灌进动物的胃里。手工操作需要45秒到60秒。用水泵或气泵这些普便使用的工业强饲法只需要2到3秒。管子长度：20-30厘米10-14周开始鸭：12-15天每天两次鹅：13-14天每天三次强饲法肝脏的功能被打乱，动物难以调节自身的体温，患上一种叫做“肝脂沉积症”的疾病。另外，几乎是正常肝脏的10倍的畸形肥大的肝脏造成呼吸困难，行动不...
