11材料科学基础Chapter2–晶体缺陷李谦–宁向梅主讲22ChapterOutline2
1PointDefects2
2Dislocations2
3SurfaceDefects33晶体结构中原子组合的不完整性,称为晶体缺陷
点缺陷—在三维方向都很小的(不超过几个原子间距)缺陷,或者说是零维缺陷
包括空位、间隙原子、置换原子等
线缺陷—在两个方向上尺寸很小,而另一个方向尺寸很长的缺陷,即一维缺陷
也就是“位错”.这是本章要重点讨论的
面缺陷—在一个方向尺寸很小,而另两个方向尺寸很大的缺陷,即二维缺陷
如相界面、晶界、亚晶界,还有孪晶界、堆垛层错等
44Pointdefects-Imperfections,suchasvacancies,thatarelocatedtypicallyatone(insomecasesafew)sitesinthecrystal
Extendeddefects-Defectsthatinvolveseveralatoms/ionsandthusoccuroverafinitevolumeofthecrystallinematerial(e
,dislocations,stackingfaults,etc
Vacancy-Anatomoranionmissingfromitsregularcrystallographicsite
Interstitialdefect-Apointdefectproducedwhenanatomisplacedintothecrystalatasitethatisnormallynotalatticepoint
Substitutionaldefect-Apointdefectproducedwhenanatomisremovedfromaregularlatticepointa