Lecture5Translationsincethe1949建国以后的翻译SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,translationinChinahasenteredaperiodofprosperity.Ofthenumerousundertakingsawaitingtoberevived,translationwasoneofthetoppriorities.Theconstructionoftranslationtheorieswassoonplacedintheagenda.AndthepersonwhodeliveredthemostpapersandairedthemostprofoundviewsontranslationwasDongQiusi(董秋斯).新中国成立以后百业待兴，翻译工作自然是其中之一。有关翻译理论的建设工作，很快被提上议事日程，而最初在这方面发表议论较多、较深刻的，当推董秋斯。董秋斯（1899-1969）,awriterandtranslator.Themostoutstandingcontributionhehasevermadeishispropositioninunequivocaltermsonthebuildingoftranslationtheoriesandhisvigorousadvocacyoftranslationcriticism.董秋斯在50年代译学界的突出贡献，是最早明确地强调了翻译理论的建设问题，并大力提倡开展翻译批评。Heissuedaseriesoftreatises,pointingouttheproblemsexistingintheprevioustranslationandtheunhealthyphenomenonintranslationcriticism.Hecalledforhealthytranslationcriticismandthebuildingofacompletesystemoftranslationtheoriesbasingonthecollecting,editing,anddevelopingoftheviewsoftranslationbypredecessors.他发表一系列的文章，指出以往翻译中存在的缺点，翻译批评中的不良现象等，提倡健康的翻译批评，指出必须在收集、整理、发展前辈翻译言论的基础上，建立完备的翻译理论体系。In1951,DongQiusideliveredapaperinTranslators’Journalentitled“Onbuildingourtranslationtheories”,discussinghisideasthat“translationisascience”andputtingforwardfirmlyhispropositionthatthescienceoftranslationshallbeestablished.董秋斯在《翻译通报》上发表《论翻译的理论建设》一文。文中明确论述了“翻译是一种科学”的观点，明确提出建立翻译学的主张。Thecentralviewsofhispapersare:1.Translationisasciencegovernedbyobjectivelawsratherthansomethingdependingentirelyongeniusandinspirations.（1）翻译是一种科学，有一定的客观规律可循，并不完全依靠所谓天才和灵感。2.Thescienceoftranslationshallbeconstructedasasystemoftheories;（2）强调把翻译科学作为一个理论体系来加以建设；3.Itisofgreatsignificancetoformulatetranslationtheories;（3）阐述了建构翻译理论的意义；4.Twomajorbooksshallbewrote——AChineseHistoryofTranslationandAChineseScienceofTranslation——torealizethepropositionthattranslationisascience.（4）提出要首先完成《中国翻译史》和《中国翻译学》两部大书，来实现翻译是一种科学的命题。Theseviewswereoriginalandepoch-makingbothathomeandabroadatthattime.ButastranslationtheorieshadbeenattachedlittleimportancebytheChinesetranslationcirclethroughoutthehistory,theydidnotreceivedueattention.这些观点在当时国内外均属创新，具有划时代意义。然而由于中国翻译界长期忽视理论的指导作用，并没有引起译界的足够重视。MaoDun茅盾（1896-1981）Awriter,translatorandaprecursorinNeo-LiteratureMovement.文学家、翻译家、新文学运动的先驱Hetranslatedalargenumberofliteraryworksbymorethan40writersfrom23countries.Someofthewritershetranslatedare:AntonChekhov;Gorky;Maupassant;Ibsen,etc.契诃夫；高尔基；莫泊桑等Masterworksoftranslations:《在家里》《他的仆》、《日落》、《万卡》、《情人》、《一段弦线》、《社会柱石》等。TranslationtheoriesofMaoDun:1.Thetheoryof“subtlespiritinliterarytranslation”一.神韵说Asearlyasthe1920s,MaoDunproposedthetheoryof“subtlespirit”,beingthefirstinthemodernChinesetranslationhistory.上世纪二十年代初在中国近代翻译史上第一个提出“神韵”理论的人。Therelationsbetweenmorphologyandthesubtlespiritofaliterarywork:形貌与神韵的关系：在神韵与形貌未能两全的时候⋯⋯...
