chapter 13 消化系统VIP免费

CHAPTER13THEDIGESTIVESYSTEMExerciseImazeLookatthediagramandtellthepartsofthedigestivesystemintheorderthatfoodpassesthroughthebody.AtlasofthedigestivesystemSource:AMA'sCurrentProceduralTerminology,Revised1998Edition.ExerciseIITechnicalTermsFillintheblanksinthefollowingshortpassagewiththecorrespondingtechnicalterms.EsophaguscancerAlthoughtheesophagusisessentiallyahollowtube,itswallsarecomposedofanumberofhighlyspecializedlayers,includinganinnerliningmadeupofthin,flatcells(1_____________),alayerbelowtheinnerlining(2_____________)thatcontainsmucus-secretingglands,andathickbandofmuscletissue.Whenyoueatordrink,amuscleintheupperpartofyouresophagus(3______________________)relaxes,allowingfoodandliquidtoenter.Smoothmusclesintheesophaguswallthenmovethefoodalonginaseriesofrhythmiccontractions(aprocesscalled4_______________).Itusuallytakesfourto10secondsforfoodtoflowthroughyouresophagus.squamouscellsubmucosaupperesophagealsphincterperistalsisEsophaguscancerAnotherringofmuscle,the5_________________,sitsatthejunctionwhereyouresophagusandstomachconnect.Itopenstoallowfoodintoyourstomachandthenclampsshutsothatcorrosivestomachacidsanddigestiveenzymesdon'tbackupintotheesophagus.Amongmanycausesofesophaguscancer,heavyalcoholconsumptionisatypicalone.InWesternnations,amajorityofesophagealsquamouscellcarcinomasresultfromchronicalcoholabuse.Long-termheavydrinkingirritatestheliningoftheesophagus,leadingtoinflammation(6____________)thateventuallymaycausemalignantchangesinthecells.loweresophagealsphincteresophagitisCommonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystem胃灼热Heartburn=cardialgia;pyrosis反酸WaterbrashRegurgitationofwateryacidfromthestomach吞咽困难DysphagiaDyspepsia消化不良CommonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystemNauseaandvomitingAnorexia食欲缺乏神经性厌食症anorexianervosa胃气胀Gasandbloating=flatulencyConstipationCommonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystemDiarrheaMalnutritionAcuteabdomen急腹症Chronicabdomen慢腹症JaundiceCommonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystemAscites腹水GastrointestinalbleedingAbdominalmass腹部肿块GastrointestinalbleedingHematemesisVomitingofbloodCf.hemoptysisUsu.indicatingupperGIbleeding呕血Gastrointestinalbleeding便血Hematochezia[]PassageofgrossbloodthroughtherectumUsu.indicatinglowerGIbleedingGastrointestinalbleeding黑粪症Melena[]PassageofblacktarrystoolUsu.indicatingupperGIbleedingGastrointestinalbleedingOccultbleeding隐性出血fecaloccultbloodtest排泄物潜隐血测试GastritisAcuteerosivegastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎Chronicerosivegastritis慢性糜烂性胃炎Nonerosivegastritis非侵蚀性胃炎Postgastrectomygastritis胃切除术后胃炎Eosinophilicgastritis嗜酸性胃炎PepticulcerMostcommontypesGastriculcer&duodenalulcerPathogenesisPasttheory:acidhypersecretionPresenttheory:H.pylori(幽门螺旋杆菌)andNSAIDs(非甾体抗炎药）TreatmentsAntacidsProtonpumpinhibitors质子泵抑制剂Crohn’sdisease克罗恩病Othernames:Regionalenteritis节段性回肠炎Granulomatousileitis肉芽肿性回肠炎Ileocolitis回肠结肠炎Anonspecificchronictransmural（透壁性）inflammatorydiseasethatmostcommonlyaffectsthedistalileumandcolonbutmayoccurinanypartoftheGItract.Gastrointestinaltumors（I）Gastricadenocarcinoma胃腺癌Leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤Lipoma脂肪瘤NeurofibromaFibromaKaposi’ssarcoma...