实验一生成树协议STP与RSTP配置实验实验题目：生成树协议STP与RSTP配置实验实验目的：1.了解实验功能：使网络在有冗余链路的情况下避免环路的产生，避免广播风暴等。2．掌握如何配置生成树协议STP与RSTP。3．理解STP与RSTP协议原理，理解端口变化过程。4．比较STP与RSTP协议区别。实验设备及环境：交换机2026两台、pc主机两台、网线四根实验拓扑图实验步骤1．完成Vlan以及trunk配置SwitchA(config)#vlan10//进入vlan10SwitchA(config-vlan)#nametest//配置vlan名称SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit//返回上一级操作模式SwitchA(config)#interfacefastethernet0/3//进入fa0/3SwitchA(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan10//将端口加入vlan10中SwitchA(config-if)#exit//返回上一级操作模式SwitchA(config)#interfacerangefastethernet0/1-2//进入组合端口1-2中SwitchA(config-if-range)#switchportmodetrunk//配置成trunkSwitchA(config)#interfacefastethernet0/2//进入fa0/2SwitchA(config)shutdown//关闭端口SwitchB(config)#vlan10SwitchB(config-vlan)#nametestSwitchB(config-vlan)#exitSwitchB(config)#interfacefastethernet0/3SwitchB(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan10SwitchB(config-if)#exitSwitchB(config)#interfacerangefastethernet0/1-2SwitchB(config-if-range)#switchportmodetrunk2.配置生成树协议SwitchA#configureterminal//进入全局配置模式SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree//开启生成树SwitchA(config)#spanning-treemodestp//生成树协议的类型为STPSwitchB#configureterminalSwitchB(config)#spanning-treeSwitchB(config)#spanning-treemodestp//指定生成树协议的类型为STP3.设置交换机的优先级，指定SwitchA为根交换机。SwitchA(config)#spanning-treepriority4096//设置交换机SwithA的优先级为4096，使其成为根交换机4.进入SwitchA交换机，打开fa0/2端口SwitchA(config)#interfacefastethernet0/2//进入fa0/2SwitchA(config)#noshutdown//打开端口5.实验过程中使用PCAPINGPCB观察通讯结果6.查看交换机及端口STP状态。查看SwitchA和SwitchB生成树信息，并且查看SwitchB端口状态。(1)SwitchA#showspanning-tree结果显示为：RA(config)#showspanning-treeStpVersion:STPSysStpStatus:ENABLEDMaxAge:20HelloTime:2ForwardDelay:15BridgeMaxAge:20BridgeHelloTime:2BridgeForwardDelay:15MaxHops:20TxHoldCount:3PathCostMethod:LongBPDUGuard:DisabledBPDUFilter:DisabledLoopGuardDef:DisabledBridgeAddr:001a.a978.61d3Priority:4096TimeSinceTopologyChange:0d:0h:0m:1sTopologyChanges:3DesignatedRoot:1000.001a.a978.61d3RootCost:0RootPort:0从show命令的输出结果可以看到交换机SwitchA为根交换机。(2)SwitchB#showspanning-tree结果显示为：RB(config)#showspanning-treeStpVersion:STPSysStpStatus:ENABLEDMaxAge:20HelloTime:2ForwardDelay:15BridgeMaxAge:20BridgeHelloTime:2BridgeForwardDelay:15MaxHops:20TxHoldCount:3PathCostMethod:LongBPDUGuard:DisabledBPDUFilter:DisabledLoopGuardDef:DisabledBridgeAddr:001a.a978.61dbPriority:4096TimeSinceTopologyChange:0d:0h:7m:30sTopologyChanges:6DesignatedRoot:1000.001a.a978.61d3RootCost:200000RootPort:1从show命令输出结果可以看到交换机SwitchB为非根交换机，根端口为F0/1。(3)查看交换机SwitchB的端口1和端口2的状态。SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/1结果显示为：PortAdminPortFast:DisabledPortOperPortFast:DisabledPortAdminAutoEdge:EnabledPortOperAutoEdge:DisabledPortAdminLinkType:autoPortOperLinkType:point-to-pointPortBPDUGuard:DisabledPortBPDUFilter:DisabledPortGuardmode:NonePortState:forwardingPortPriority:128PortDesignatedRoot:1000.001a.a978.61d3PortDesignatedCost:0PortDesignatedBridge:1000.001a.a978.61d3PortDesignatedPort:8001PortForwardTransitions:5PortAdminPathCost:200000PortOperPathCost:200000Inconsistentstates:norma...
