Chapter1ShipDesign第一章船舶设计Lesson1Introduction第一课引言1.1Definition1.1定义Thetermbasicdesignreferstodeterminationofmajorshipcharacteristicsaffectingcostandperformance.Thusbasicdesignincludestheselectionofshipdimensions,hullform,power(amountandtype),preliminaryarrangementofhullandmachinery,andmajorstructure.Properselectionsassuretheattainmentofthemissionrequirementssuchasgoodseakeeping,performance,maneuverability,thedesiredspeed,endurance,cargocapacity,anddeadweight.Furthermore,itincludeschecksandmodificationsforachievementofrequiredcargohandlingcapability,quarters,hotelservices,subdivisionandstabilitystandards,freeboardandtonnagemeasurement;allwhileconsideringtheshipaspartofaprofitabletransportation,industrial,orservicesystem.术语“基本设计”是指对影响造价和性能的船舶主要参数的确定。因此，基本设计包括船舶主尺度、船体线型、动力（数量和种类）的选取，以及船体、机械设备和主要结构的布置。恰当的选取可保证达到设计任务书的要求，例如良好的耐波性能，操纵性，预期的速度，续航力，舱容和载重量。进一步讲，基本设计还包括校核和修改，以满足货物装卸能力，居位舱，客房设施，分舱和稳性标准，干舷和吨位测量，所有这些都是将船舶当成运输、工业化或服务系统的一部分。Basicdesignencompassesbothconceptdesignandpreliminarydesign.Itresultsinthedeterminationofmajorshipcharacteristics,permittingthepreparationofinitialcostestimates.Intheoveralldesignprocess,basicdesignisfollowedbycontractdesignanddetaildesign.Contractdesign,asitsnameimplies,developsplansandspecificationssuitableforshipyardbiddingandcontractaward.Wellpreparedcontractplansandspecificationswillbeclearandinsufficientdetailtoavoidcostlycontingencyitemsandprotectbiddersfromobscureorinadequatedescriptionofrequirements.Detaildesignistheshipyard’sresponsibilityforfurtherdevelopingthecontractplansasrequiredtoprepareshopdrawingsusedfortheactualconstructionofthevessel.基本设计包含概念设计和初步设计，可以确定船舶主要技术参数，为造价初步估计做准备再整个设计过程中，基本设计之后紧接着就是合同设计和详细设计。合同设计，顾名思义需要做出图纸和详细说明书，以便船厂去投标和签约。一套良好的合同图纸和详细说明书应当是非常清晰和详细的，以避免高成本的偶然性项目，并使投标者不出现模糊不请的或不充分的描述。详细设计师船厂进一步完善合同设计的重要任务，以准备施工图用于船舶实际建造。Anunderstandingoftheentiredesignsequenceisessentialtoanyoneseekingtodevelopabasicdesign.ThefourstepsinvolvedareillustratedintheDesignSpiral,Evans(1959)asaniterativeprocessworkingfrommissionrequirementstoadetaildesign.Thesestepsareamplifiedfurtherbelow:了解整个设计顺序对任何做基本设计的人都是必要的。设计的4个阶段用设计螺线图表示，如图1所示，是从任务书要求到详细设计的循环工作过程，这4个阶段在下面作详细叙述a.ConceptDesign.Theveryfirsteffort,conceptdesign,translatesthemissionrequirementsintonavalarchitecturalandengineeringcharacteristics.Essentially,itembodiestechnicalfeasibilitystudiestodeterminesuchfundamentalelementsoftheproposedshipaslength,beam,depth,draft,fullness,power,oralternativesetsofcharacteristics,allofwhichmeettherequiredspeed,range,cargocubic,anddeadweight.Itincludespreliminarylight-shipweightestimatesusuallyderivedfromcurves,formulas,orexperience.Alternativedesignsaregenerallyanalyzedinparametricstudiesduringthisphasetodeterminethemosteconomicaldesignsolutionorwhateverothercontrollingparametersareconsidereddeterminant.Theselectedconceptdesignthenisusedasatalkingpaperforobtain...
