Unit4Whenwasitinvented?一、学习目标：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。二、语法介绍：英语中动词的语态分成两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。㈠含义：动词的被动语态一般译成“被…”，但是根据汉语表达习惯，有时“被”也可以不译出。㈡构成：被动语态一般的构成形式为:be+动词过去分词（+by+动作的发出者）。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。[来源:学。科。网]一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般过去时：was/were+done(过去分词)含有情态动词的：情态动词+be+done(过去分词)㈢方法：[来源:学|科|网]1、将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词by的宾语。2、将主动语态句中谓语动词变成:助动词be+该动词的过去分词，但时态不改变。3、助动词be要与新的主语保持单、复数一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时，“格”应作相应的变化。口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone时不变，数格必须随着变。Theworkersmakemachinesinthisfactory.[来源:学科网]Machinesaremadebytheworkersinthisfactory.注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。㈣例句：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglishinChina.EnglishisspokenbymanypeopleinChina.2.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.[来源:学*科*网]ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.3.Wemustlookafertheoldman.Theoldmanmustbelookedafter(byus).㈤特殊情况：⑴（含有双宾语的句子变被动语态）剖析：含双宾语的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；也可把那个指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时必须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：Hegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyhim.[来源:学科网ZXXK]→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾。若把直宾变，to,for间宾连。⑵感官动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to。如：Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.→Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursaday.口诀：感/使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。三、对应练习：㈠选择填空1.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked2.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt3.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbrokenC.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken4.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowingWhenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats5.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking6.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork[来源:Zxxk.Com]7.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled8.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung9.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned10.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found11.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended12.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin13.Thesun_____atnightasusual.A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown15.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised㈡把下列句子变成被动语态1.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.2.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?[来源:Zxxk.Com]3.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.[来源:Zxxk.Com]4.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]5.Weplantedmanytreesinourschoollastweek.[来源:学&科&网][来源:Z#xx#k.Com]6.DopeoplegrowcottoninNorthChina?7.Whoinventedthelightbulb?8.Didtheyfindthemissingkeyyesterday?[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]9.Weheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.10.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.
