1/6外刊精选2020全国新高考课外补充阅读训练1【新闻正文】Gettingholdofpenicillinin1943wasalotteryinAmerica.The"miracledrug"hadbeendiscovered15yearsearlierbutproductioncapacitywaslimited,andmostwenttothewareffort.Whatremainedwasrationed,andasingleinjectioncostatleast$40.By1949bettermanufacturingmethodsallowedthepricetofallto20cents.Theuseofpenicillinexploded.Antibioticssubsequentlybecameastapleofmodernmedicine.Massivevolumesoffsetlowmargins.Nolonger.Findingnewmoleculesisgettingharder,whichmeanshigherdevelopmentcosts.Atthesametime,growingawarenessthatoveruseacceleratesdevelopmentofbacterialresistancetothedrugshasledto"antibioticsstewardship",thepracticeofusingthenewestantibioticsonlyforinfectionsuntreatablewitholderones.Volumes,inotherwords,areoftendisappointing.Withreturnsfromantibioticsdown,bigpharmaceuticalcompanieshaveabandonedthemformorelucrativedrugs.GlaxoSmithKline,PfizerandMerckaretheonlythreedoingclinicalresearchinthefield.Smallbiotechnologyfirmstriedtopickuptheslack.Inthepasttenyears,astheworldbegantopanicabouttheriseofresistantsuperbugs,governmentsandcharitiesprovidedearly-stagefinancing.Likebigpharma,though,thebiotechstartupshavestruggledtomakemoneyfromantibiotics.AnAmericanone,Achaogen,filedforbankruptcyonApril15th;plazomicin,anovelantibioticitbegansellingin2018,soldbarelyanydosesinthefirsteightmonths.Melinta,anotherantibioticsstartup,isrestructuring.Sharepricesofsimilarfirmshaveplunged,insomecasesbelowtheirliquidationvalue.参考词汇】PenicillinN.anyofvariousantibioticsobtainedfromPenicilliummolds青霉素LotteryN.somethingthatisregardedasachanceevent彩票VolumeN.theamountof3-dimensionalspaceoccupiedbyanobject体积MarginN.thenetsalesminusthecostofgoodsandservicessold禾U润MoleculeN.thesimpleststructuralunitofanelementorcompound分子；微粒ResistanceN.theconditioninwhichanorganismcanresistdiseasePharmaceuticalN.drugormedicinethatispreparedordispensedinpharmaciesandusedinmedicaltre2/6atment药品LucrativeAdj.producingasizeableprofit获利的LiquidationN.terminationofabusinessoperationbyusingitsassetstodischargeitsliabilities债务清偿【语法填空改编】Gettingholdofpenicillinin1943wasalotteryinAmerica.The"miracledrug"(discover)15yearsearlierbutproductioncapacitywaslimited,andmostwenttothewareffort.Whatremainedwasrestricted,andsingleinjectioncostatleast$40.By1949(good)manufacturingmethodsallowedtheprice(fall)to20cents.Theuseofpenicillinexploded.Antibioticssubsequentlybecameastapleofmodernmedicine.Massivevolumesoffsetlowmargins.Findingnewmoleculesisgettingharder,meanshigherdevelopmentcosts.Atthesametime,growing(aware)thatoveruseacceleratesdevelopmentofbacterialresistancetothedrugshasledto"antibioticsstewardship",thepracticeofusingthenewestantibioticsonlyforinfectionsuntreatablewitholderones.Volumes,inotherwords,areoften(disappoint).returnsfromantibioticsdown,bigpharmaceuticalcompanieshaveabandonedformorelucrativedrugs.Inthepasttenyears,theworldbegantopanicabouttheriseofresistantsuperbugs,governmentsandcharitiesprovidedearly-stagefinancing.【参考译文】1943年，在美国想要获得青霉素简直就得碰运气。这种“特效药”早在15年前就被发现了，但生产力有限且大部分都投入了战争。剩下的都是定量配给，注射一支青霉素至少要40美元(约为现在的600美元)。到1949年，更好的生产方法让价格降到了20美分。青霉素的使用激增。随后，抗生素变成了现代医学的主要部分。巨大的销量抵消了利润率较低的影响。发现新分子变得越来越难，...
