人教版Book7Unit2grammar学案1/6Book7Unit2Grammar:passivevoice被动语态一、语态分类英语中有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。英语中常用助动词“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。如:Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)二、被动语态常用的4种时态1.一般现在时(bedone)Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般将来时(willbedone)Cardswillbesentabroadbysea.3.现在进行时(bebeingdone)Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.4.现在完成时(have/hasbeendone)Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.三.用主动结构表示被动含义的情况有:1.beworth+doing值得做⋯⋯Thenovelisworthreadingagain.Thefilmisworthseeing.2.need(want/require)+doing等于need(want/require)+tobedone需要做⋯⋯Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantspainting(=tobepainted).3.某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,sell,lock,open,shut等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动含义。Thiskindofbooksellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.人教版Book7Unit2grammar学案2/6Thetabledoesn’tcleaneasily.4.有些系动词,如:taste,sound,prove,feel,look,smell,remain,appear等,常用主动结构表示被动含义。Theflowerlooksugly.Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.Thedishsmellsdelicious.四、不定式被动式的使用原则不定式被动式所修饰的名词或代词与其构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式使用被动式。(一)不定式被动式的形式、用法形式用法一般式tobedone发生在谓语动词之后,或与谓语动词同时发生完成式tohavebeendone发生在谓语动词之前Thenextthingtobedoneistocarryawaytheearth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并没有造成损害。(二)不定式被动式的语法功能:动词不定式的被动式可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。如:Itisanhonortobechosenasavolunteer.(作主语)能被选上志愿者,真是一件荣耀的事。Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.(作宾语)那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.(作表语)这项工作要在下个月才能完成。Heorderedthebaggagetobebroughttohisroom.(作宾语补足语)人教版Book7Unit2grammar学案3/6他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。Hewasthelastonetobeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.(作定语)他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。Hismotherleftthesmallvillage,nevertobeseenagain.(作状语)他母亲离开了那个小村庄,再也没人见过她。五、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构1.主语+be+adj.+todo的结构中,动词不定式常用主动结构表被动含义,这些表语形容词有hard,difficult,easy,fit,necessary,dangerous,comfortable,heavy等。Theproblemishardtosolve.Thechairiscomfortabletositon.2.“主语+have/has+名词+todo”结构,也用主动结构表被动含义,此时主语与todo存在逻辑上的主谓关系,todo与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Hehasmanyproblemstosolve.Mr.Whitehaslotsofthingstodo.Ihavearoomtolivein.3.在too⋯todosth.和⋯enoughtodosth.这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后的不定式todosth.为被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义.Thewritingistoofainttoread.Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouseasaplatform..4.在therebe句型中,当动词不定式作定语修饰名词时,不定式用主动式作定语Thereisnotimetolose.5.betoblame常用主动表被动Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?谁应为放火受责备?Heisn’ttoblame.他不该受责备。人教版Book7Unit2grammar学案4/6一、单项选择。1.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding2.Doctors___ineveryparto...