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名称通用名前缀常用形容词示例心heartcardio-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliarycholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineintero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/pancreatopathy脾spleenspleno-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy/pancreatopathy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hemato-hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessedvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/cerebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neuro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/-somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome数字前缀示例一（单）moto-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasic/carbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hepta-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompound七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/deciliter颜色通用名前缀示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyano-cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictorialorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkpinkfrothysputum绯红crimson青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesispathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis减少penia-penicleukocytosis/erythrocytosis/granulocytosis无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis含义前（后）缀示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemiplegia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-necrosis/necro-/necr-diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/myoplegia坏死deca-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superiorepi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-/antero-/pre-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostals/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus-反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）器-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经⋯trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral含义前（后）缀示例杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinat冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退后retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac