中国海洋环境保护法律制度的不足与完善——以渤海溢油事故为例摘要经济发展与海洋生态环境保护日益重要，近年来海洋环境遭到破坏的程度越发严重，我国更应该以保护海洋环境为大前提，科学利用海洋立法，确立与完善海洋环境保护体系其中渤海溢油事故的发生，突显了中国海洋环境保护法的不足与缺陷。针对上述事故的发生，本文提出了对海岸线管理要明确保护、确立海洋自然资源与生态环境损害索赔诉讼的性质与索赔主体、建立健全惩罚性赔偿机制、加强海洋环境保护监测机制等建议，填补中国海洋环境保护立法的空缺。关键词：海洋环境污染；海洋环境保护法；渤海湾溢油事故AbstractTheDeficiencyandPerfectionofChina'sLegalSystemofMarineEnvironmentProtectionEconomicdevelopmentandmarineecologicalenvironmentprotectionarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Inrecentyears,thedegreeofmarineenvironmentdamagehasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Ourcountryshouldmakescientificuseofmarinelegislationtoestablishandperfectmarineenvironmentprotectionsystem,takingtheprotectionofmarineenvironmentasthepremise.TheoilspillaccidentinBohaiSeahighlightsthedeficiencyanddefectofmarineenvironmentalprotectionlawinChina.Inviewoftheoccurrenceoftheaboveaccidents,thispaperputsforwardthatthecoastlinemanagementshouldbeprotectedclearly,thenatureandthemainbodyoftheclaimfordamagestomarinenaturalresourcesandecologicalenvironmentshouldbeestablished,andthepunitivedamagesmechanismshouldbeestablishedandperfected.SuggestionsonstrengtheningtheMonitoringMechanismforMarineEnvironmentProtectiontofillintheMarineEnvironmentalProtectioninChinaGapsinsecuritylegislation.Keywords:Marineenvironmentalpollution;Marineenvironmentalprotectionlaw;BohaiBayoilspillaccident目录一、海洋环境污染概述.........................................................1（一）海洋环境含义...........................................................1（二）溢油事故带来的危害.....................................................11.经济损失...................................................................12.公共卫生损害...............................................................23.环境灾难...................................................................2二、我国海洋环境保护法律制度现状及问题.......................................3（一）我国海洋环境保护法律制度的立法现状.....................................3（二）我国现行海洋环境保护法律体系的不足之处.................................31.海洋环境保护立法存在领域空白...............................................32.海洋损害赔偿规定过于简单...................................................43.惩罚性赔偿机制缺失.........................................................54.海洋环境监测机制辅助性不大.................................................5三、完善我国海洋环境保护法律制度的设想.......................................5（一）完善海洋法律环境保护体系...............................................6（二）完善海洋生态保护赔偿制度...............................................7（三）建立健全惩罚性赔偿机制.................................................7（四）加强海洋环境保护监测机制...............................................8四、结语.....................................................................9注释........................................................................10参考文献....................................................................10致谢........................................................................12中国海洋环境保护法律制度的不足与完善——以...
