中国海洋环境保护法律制度的不足与完善——以渤海溢油事故为例摘要经济发展与海洋生态环境保护日益重要,近年来海洋环境遭到破坏的程度越发严重,我国更应该以保护海洋环境为大前提,科学利用海洋立法,确立与完善海洋环境保护体系其中渤海溢油事故的发生,突显了中国海洋环境保护法的不足与缺陷。针对上述事故的发生,本文提出了对海岸线管理要明确保护、确立海洋自然资源与生态环境损害索赔诉讼的性质与索赔主体、建立健全惩罚性赔偿机制、加强海洋环境保护监测机制等建议,填补中国海洋环境保护立法的空缺。关键词:海洋环境污染;海洋环境保护法;渤海湾溢油事故AbstractTheDeficiencyandPerfectionofChina'sLegalSystemofMarineEnvironmentProtectionEconomicdevelopmentandmarineecologicalenvironmentprotectionarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Inrecentyears,thedegreeofmarineenvironmentdamagehasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Ourcountryshouldmakescientificuseofmarinelegislationtoestablishandperfectmarineenvironmentprotectionsystem,takingtheprotectionofmarineenvironmentasthepremise.TheoilspillaccidentinBohaiSeahighlightsthedeficiencyanddefectofmarineenvironmentalprotectionlawinChina.Inviewoftheoccurrenceoftheaboveaccidents,thispaperputsforwardthatthecoastlinemanagementshouldbeprotectedclearly,thenatureandthemainbodyoftheclaimfordamagestomarinenaturalresourcesandecologicalenvironmentshouldbeestablished,andthepunitivedamagesmechanismshouldbeestablishedandperfected.SuggestionsonstrengtheningtheMonitoringMechanismforMarineEnvironmentProtectiontofillintheMarineEnvironmentalProtectioninChinaGapsinsecuritylegislation.Keywords:Marineenvironmentalpollution;Marineenvironmentalprotectionlaw;BohaiBayoilspillaccident目录一、海洋环境污染概述.........................................................1(一)海洋环境含义...........................................................1(二)溢油事故带来的危害.....................................................11.经济损失...................................................................12.公共卫生损害...............................................................23.环境灾难...................................................................2二、我国海洋环境保护法律制度现状及问题.......................................3(一)我国海洋环境保护法律制度的立法现状.....................................3(二)我国现行海洋环境保护法律体系的不足之处.................................31.海洋环境保护立法存在领域空白...............................................32.海洋损害赔偿规定过于简单...................................................43.惩罚性赔偿机制缺失.........................................................54.海洋环境监测机制辅助性不大.................................................5三、完善我国海洋环境保护法律制度的设想.......................................5(一)完善海洋法律环境保护体系...............................................6(二)完善海洋生态保护赔偿制度...............................................7(三)建立健全惩罚性赔偿机制.................................................7(四)加强海洋环境保护监测机制...............................................8四、结语.....................................................................9注释........................................................................10参考文献....................................................................10致谢........................................................................12中国海洋环境保护法律制度的不足与完善——以...