基于单机片的客车超载警报系统的设计与实现摘要在本文中设计了一种应用于客车中超载报警系统，本系统以单片机为核心，同时摆包含反射式红外传感器、HX711重量检测芯片、报警电路、锁定电路以及键盘模块等等，司机在开车之前可手动设置人数上限以及车辆的最大重量，通过传感器模块可将当前车辆人数以及总重量在显示模块中进行显示。当客车上的人数或总重量超过设定的阈值时则系统发出报警，此时单片机对信息进行处理后会发出信号控制继电器动作，客车电子起动器工作，此时车辆处于制动状态，不能正常发动和行驶。本文所设计的基于单机片的客车超载警报系统分为两大部分，其一为软件部分，其二为硬件部分。其中硬件部分包含红外传感器、方向识别电路等，可实现对上下车人数的检测和判断、HX711重量检测芯片和AD转换电路把重量变化的模拟量转换为数字信号并输入单片机系统。单片机将传感器检测的数据发送到单片机进行处理后会将当前车辆人数和总重在显示模块中予以显示，若超过设定阈值，则报警模块中蜂鸣器发出报警声且发光二极管发出红光，提示超员或超载。在最后对本文设计的基于单机片的客车超载警报系统进行了调试，调试结果表明本系统可实现预期功能，且具有一定的功能扩展性，本文的设计对相似系统的设计提供了一定理论借鉴。关键词：客车超载系统检测，单片机，光电传感器，重量传感器IDesignandImplementationofPassengerCarOverloadAlarmSystemBasedonSingleChipABSTRACTInthispaper,anoverloadwarningsystemforpassengercarsisdesigned.Thesystemisbasedonsingle-chipmicrocomputer.Atthesametime,itincludesreflectiveinfraredsensor,HX711weightdetectionchip,alarmcircuit,lockingcircuitandkeyboardmodule.Thedriverisdriving.Theupperlimitofthenumberofpeopleandthemaximumamountofthevehiclecanbemanuallyset,andthecurrentnumberofvehiclesandthetotalweightcanbedisplayedinthedisplaymodulebythesensormodule.Whenthenumberofpeopleonthebusorthetotalweightexceedsthesetthreshold,thesystemwillissueanalarm.Atthistime,theMCUwillsendasignaltocontroltherelayactionaftertheinformationisprocessed.Thebuselectronicstarterworks.Atthistime,thevehicleisinthebrakingstateandcannotbenormal.Startanddrive.Thesingle-chip-basedpassengercaroverloadwarningsystemdesignedinthispaperisdividedintotwoparts,oneisthesoftwarepart,andtheotheristhehardwarepart.Thehardwarepartincludesaninfraredsensor,adirectionrecognitioncircuit,etc.,whichcanrealizethedetectionandjudgmentofthenumberofpeoplegettingonandoff,theHX711weightdetectionchipandtheADconversioncircuitconverttheanalogquantityoftheweightchangeintoadigitalsignalandinputitintothesinglechipsystem.AftertransmittingthedatadetectedbythesensortotheMCUforprocessing,theMCUwilldisplaythecurrentvehiclenumberandtotalweightinthedisplaymodule.Ifthesetthresholdisexceeded,thebuzzerinthealarmmodulewillsoundanalarmandtheLEDwillemitredlight.Promptoveroroverloaded.Attheendofthispaper,thesingle-chip-basedpassengercaroverloadwarningsystemdesignedinthispaperisdebugged.Thedebuggingresultsshowthatthesystemcanachievetheexpectedfunctionandhascertainfunctionexpansion.ThedesignofIIthispaperprovidesacertaintheoreticalreferenceforthedesignofsimilarsystems.Keywords:coachoverload,systemdetection,microcontroller,photoelectricsensorHX711III目录摘要...............................................................................IABSTRACT............................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................11.1开发背景与现状...............................................................................................................
