我国转炉炼钢生产技术分析研究 工艺管理专业VIP专享VIP免费

我国转炉炼钢生产技术分析【摘要】转炉炼钢是把氧气鼓入熔融的生铁里，使杂质硅、锰等氧化。在氧化的过程中放出大量的热量（含1%的硅可使生铁的温度升高200摄氏度），可使炉内达到足够高的温度。因此转炉炼钢不需要另外使用燃料。炼钢的基本任务是脱碳、脱磷、脱硫、脱氧，去除有害气体和非金属夹杂物，提高温度和调整成分。归纳为：“四脱”（碳、氧、磷和硫），“二去”（去气和去夹杂），“二调整”（成分和温度）。采用的主要技术手段为：供氧，造渣，升温，加脱氧剂和合金化操作。本文详细介绍转炉炼钢生产的工艺流程，主要工艺设备的工作原理以及控制要求等信息。【关键词】转炉工艺；冶炼原理；操作要求AnalysisonProductionTechnologyofConverterSteelmakinginChina【Abstract】convertersteelistheoxygenintothemoltenpigiron,sothatimpuritiessuchassilicon,manganeseandotheroxidation.Intheprocessofoxidationtoreleasealotofheat(containing1%ofthesiliconcanincreasethetemperatureofthepigiron200degreesCelsius),thefurnacecanreachasufficientlyhightemperature.Sotheconvertersteelmakingdoesnotrequiretheuseoffuel.Thebasictaskofsteelmakingisdecarbonization,dephosphorization,desulfurization,deoxidation,removalofharmfulgasesandnon-metallicinclusions,increasedtemperatureandadjustthecomposition.Summarizedas"fouroff"(carbon,oxygen,phosphorusandsulfur),"twogo"(dehumidificationandinclusions),"twoadjustments"(compositionandtemperature).Themaintechnicalmeansused:oxygen,slagging,heating,plusdeoxidizerandalloyingoperation.Thisarticledescribesindetailtheconvertersteelmakingproductionprocess,themainprocessequipment,workingprincipleandcontrolrequirementsandotherinformation.【Keywords】convertertechnology;smeltingprinciple;operationalrequirements目录1引言..............................................................22我国转炉炼钢发展现状..............................................32.1转炉钢产量高速增长..........................................32.2转炉大型化趋势明显..........................................32.3能耗指标降低................................................32.4转炉生产工艺进一步优化......................................43中国转炉炼钢技术的重大进步........................................43.1溅渣护炉工艺的优化与完善....................................43.2长寿复吹转炉冶炼工艺........................................53.3转炉高效吹炼工艺............................................54转炉冶炼目的及原理................................................64.1转炉冶炼目的................................................64.2转炉冶炼原理................................................65转炉炼钢主要工艺设备分析..........................................75.1转炉（converter）...........................................75.2AOD精炼炉..................................................85.3RH精炼炉....................................................95.4LF精炼炉..................................................106转炉炼钢要求及未来的发展.........................................116.1开发转炉少渣冶炼工艺.......................................116.2吹炼终点动态控制技术.......................................124.3节能与环保技术的发展.......................................12结论...............................................................13参考文献...........................................................14致谢...............................................................151引言早在1856年德国人贝赛麦就发明了底吹酸性转炉炼钢法，这种方法是近代炼钢法的开端，它为人类生产了...