自考英美文学资料英国文学AnintroductiontooldandmedievalEnglishliterature:1.EnglandwasconqueredbytheRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,andtheNormans.2.Language&cultureinfluence:TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttoEnglandtheGermaniclanguageandculture,whiletheNormans(mostinfluence)broughtafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilization,whichincludeGreekculture,Romanlaw,andtheChristianreligion.3.TheperiodofoldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEngland.4.TheAnglo-SaxonslanguageisthebasisofmodernEnglish.5.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:thereligiousgroup(宗教诗)andthesecularone(世俗诗).6.Beowulf（贝奥武甫(八世纪初的一篇古英语史诗;该史诗中的主角)）,atypicalexampleofoldEnglishpoetry,isregardedtodayasthenationalepic(民族史诗)oftheAnglo-Saxons.Literaryposition:Thepoemwasoriginallyinanoralform,itiswrittendowninthe10thcentury.Thematicallythepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.7.TheNormanconqueststartsthemedievalperiodinEnglishliterature,whichisfrom1066uptothemid-14thcentury.8.Romance(骑士抒情诗)，apopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod)usesnarrativeverseorprosetosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds,whosemotifs（主题,主旨）ofthequestisfortruth,beautyandkindness.9.Chaucer(乔叟):whosemasterpieceisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》.ThefamouscharacterofhisworksistheWifeofBath.Chauceremployedtheheroiccoupletverseform(英雄双韵诗形式)withtrueeaseandcharmforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.HeisthefatherofEnglishpoetry.英国文学TheRenaissancePeriod(文艺复兴时期)1.Itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.2.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance:manisthemeasureofallthings.3.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.Ideas:entitledtoenjoyfreedom,lifeandhappiness;potentialtoachievewonders,greatthings.4.IntheearlystageoftheRenaissance,poetryandpoeticdramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryformsandtheywerecarriedonespeciallybyShakespeareandBenJohnson.ThepoetryismostlywrittenbyJohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.5.FrancisBacon(弗朗西斯·培根),thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,isthefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.6.EdmundSpenser(埃德蒙?斯宾塞)6.1Heisthepoets’poet.HewasburiedbesidehismasterChaucer.6.2HismasterpieceisTheFaerieQueene(仙后).Itspurposeistofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuousandgentlediscipline.Thispoemiswritteninformofverseandallegory.ItsunifyingcharactersareArthur,theRedcrosseandGloriana,theFairyQueen.ThethemeisnotArmsandtheman,butsomethingmoreromantic---fiercewarsandfaithfulloves.6.3ThefivemainqualitiesofSpenser’spoetryare:aperfectmelody;araresenseofbeauty;asplendidimagination;aloftymoralpurityandseriousness;adedicatedidealism.6.4Spenserstanza:astanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambic(短长格)pentameter(五步格诗),andthelastlineiniambichexameter(六步格的诗),rhymingABABBCBBCC.7.Christopher...
