英语专业四级语法一、时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型。E.g.1.I’lltellhimwhenyouwillringagain.(宾语从句)比较：2.I’lltellhimwhenyouringagain.(状语从句)(2)在makesure,makecertain,see(toit)后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。E.g.Seetoitthatyouincludeinthepaperwhateverquestionstheydidn’tknowtheanswertolasttime.(include不能用willinclude或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/upto/till+过去时间、since、bythetime/when+表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。E.g.1.Wehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.2.Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by+将来时间、bythetime/when+谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。E.g.1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks.2.Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.(3)bynow,since+过去时间、in/during/for/over/thepast/lastfew(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,但在itis+具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。E.g.1.Thechangesthathadtakenplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhaveseemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.2.ItisfouryearssinceJohnleftschool.(4)在Itisthe+序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。E.g.Itisn’tthefirsttimethatIhavefoundmyselfinanembarrassingsituation.(5)在nosooner⋯than⋯,hardly/scarcely⋯when⋯句型中，主句常用过去完成时。3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。E.g.Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappened.时态、语态答题思路：(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案；(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。二、不定式1.不定式做主语(1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。E.g.1.Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.2.It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.(2)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。E.g.besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.2.不定式做宾语掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：afford,arrange,attempt,claim,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,endeavor,intend,pledge,pretend,resolve,request,swear,tend,venture。E.g.Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedtobeasleep,thenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycameintotheroom.3.不定式做定语(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,last,only,nota,the,very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。E.g.thefirstwomantosetfootonthemoon第一个登上月球的女性(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。E.g.tendencytodo→tendtodo,decisiontodo→decidetodoE.g.ThisbookisanattempttohelpyouuseEnglishandrecognizehowitisused.(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。E.g.ambitiontodo“干⋯⋯的雄心”→beambitioustodo“有雄心干⋯⋯”,curiositytodo“对⋯⋯的好奇心”→becurioustodo“...
