从属连词that;whetherornot;if连接代词who;whose,which;what连接副词When;where;why;how复合关系代词Whatever;whoever;whomever;whichever引导词•顾名思义，主语从句在整个句子中作主语。•引导词that只起连接作用，本身无词义。•Thathewillsucceediscertain.•Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.•他肯定会成功。形式主语•WhetherJohnwillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.•Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherJohnwillcomeornot.•连接代词引导•who;whose,which;what•Whowillbeelectedasmonitorisnotknown.•(who是从句的主语)谁•Whosebagwasstolenisnotknown.•(whose是从句的定语）谁的•Whichmethodisbettercanbeeasilyseen.•(which是从句的定语)哪种•Whatqualitiesthiskindofmaterialhavehasnotbeenfoundout.•Ithasn’tbeenfoundoutwhatqualitiesthiskindofmaterialhave.•这种材料具有什么性质还没搞清楚。（定语）•Whatloveisseemsdifficulttoanswer.（表语）•Whattheyarediscussingisaboy’sfuture.（宾语）•WhatmadehimsoangryisLucy’simpoliteness.（主语）•Whatisimportanttoyouisalsoimportanttome.主语）•连接副词•When;where;why;how•Whenrocketwasinventedisknowntousall.•Itisknowtousallwhenrocketwasinvented.•我们都知道火箭是什么时候发明的。（when是从句的时间状语）•Whyhekilledhershouldbeinvestigated.•HowshewillgotoBeijinghasn’tdecided.•复合关系代词•Whatever;whoever;whomever;whichever•Whateverhasabeginninghasanend.•Whatevershesaysistrue.•Whoeverfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实不符的假设，猜测以及建议和主观愿望。1）非真实条件引导的虚拟语气2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气4）从句中的虚拟语气1)1)非真实条件引导的虚拟语气非真实条件引导的虚拟语气时间条件从句的时态主句时态对现在情况的假设对过去情况的假设对将来情况的假设(过去时）did/were（过去分词）haddoneshoulddo/weretodoWould/should/could/mightdoWould/should/could/mighthavedoneWould/should/could/mightdo1.对现在情况现在情况的假设如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告。IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.倒装：WereIyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.如果没有你的帮助，他会失败的。Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,hewouldfail.2.对过去情况过去情况的假设假如他当初努力学习，他可能早得到奖学金了。Ifhehadstudiedhard,hecouldhavewonthescholarship.倒装：Hadhestudiedhard,hecouldhavewonthescholarship.2.对过去情况过去情况的假设如果没有他，我们可能输了这场比赛。Ifithadn’tbeenforhim,wewouldhavelostthegame.倒装：Haditnotbeenforhim,wewouldhavelostthegame.3.对将来情况情况的假设如果明天下雨，我们就要取消比赛。Ifitshouldraintomorrowwewouldcanceltherace.要是有一天我上了月球,我就能亲眼目睹它的样子。IfIweretogotothemoonsomeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.22）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气假设的条件由下列介词（短语）等引出Intheabsenceofgravity,therewouldbenoairaroundtheearth.如果没有重力，地球就没有空气。Butforhim,Iwouldhavebeendrowned.要不是他，我就被淹死了。Intheabsenceof,expectfor,butfor,without…22）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气通过上下文语境表现Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来是可以避免的。Youshouldhavedonebetter.你可以做得更好。3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气如果我是你，我就听他的忠告了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句表现在，主句表过去）如果我之前听了医生的忠告，我现在就不会病倒了。Ifshehadtakenthedoctor’sadvicethen,Ishouldnotbeillnow.(从句表过去，主句表现在）44）从句中的虚拟语气）从句中的虚拟语气1)itis+形容词形容词+that+(should)+do[它的被动态为：shouldbedone]Itisimportantthattheplanshouldbeworkedouttoday.计...
