哈尔滨地区中小河流水文监测方案分析与评价中文摘要水文监测承担着为防汛减灾提供及时有效水情信息的重任,受气候、自然、经济、技术等条件限制,哈尔滨地区仍有相当一部分有重要防汛任务的中小河流没有开展水文监测工作,无法控制实时水雨情信息。本文以哈尔滨地区中小河流水文监测建设项目为依托,通过收集已有资料、观测数据、现场调查等手段,分析了项目区的水文、气象、地质条件以及现有监测方案对该地区中小河流水文监测方案分析与评价。开展的工作及成果如下:1、收集整理研究区域的基本资料,对研究区中小河流水文监测现状进行分析研究。通过资料分析研究得出,该地区通河县岔林河、大古洞河、小古洞河、西北河及依兰县巴兰河、木兰县白杨木河、阿城区阿什河的洪水灾害最为突出,该地区水文站网密度偏稀,水文站点布局不尽合理,中小河流水文站偏少,水文巡测能力亟待加强。2、对研究区域的河流特点进行分析,河流含沙量小,河床相对比较稳定的河流,走航式ADCP等新型设备具有很好的使用效果,尤其是对洪水陡涨陡落的中小河流,更可在较短的时间内实测流量(起点距、水深、流速),并可达到成果快速的远距离传输,满足洪水控制和防御的目标。中小河流大多距离人口居住地较远,雷达水位计、翻斗式雨量计等自动测报设备满足水位、雨量观测连续性、及时性、准确性的要求。3、根据对中小河流监测方案进行分析,随着自动测报技术的逐渐成熟,中小型流域开展水文巡测将是水文监测的重要组成部分。开展水文巡测研究,是水文测验方式方法创新的重要一环。提出在中小型流域大力发展水文巡测,重要站点辅以必要的巡、驻结合的管理模式,为水文开展巡测的新型监测模式提供一定的科学依据关键词:中小河流;水文监测;自动测报;水文巡测;AbstractHydrologicalmonitoringplaysanimportantroleinprovidingtimelyandeffectiveinformationforfloodcontrolflood,restrictedbyclimate,natural,economicandtechnologicalconditions,Harbinareastillhasquiteafewsmallrivershaveanimportantfloodcontroltaskdidnotcarryouthydrologicalmonitoringwork,unabletocontrolthereal-timerainfallinformation.ThisdissertationtakestheHarbinareasmallriverhydrologicalmonitoringconstructionproject,bymeansofdatacollection,observationdata,fieldinvestigation,analysisoftheprojectareahydrology,meteorologyandgeologicalconditionsandtheexistingmonitoringscheme,analysisandevaluationontheriverintheareaofthewatermonitoringproject.Theworkandachievementsareasfollows:1.Collectandsortoutthebasicdataofthestudyarea,andanalyzethehydrologicalmonitoringstatusofthesmallandmedium-sizedriversinthestudyarea.ThroughthedataanalysisofflooddisasterintheareaofMulanCounty,TongheCountyChaLinRiver,river,smallriver,TungTungRiverandnorthwestYilanCountyBaLanRiver,PoplarRiver,AChengRiverAsheismostprominentintheareaofhydrologicnetworkdensityissparse,hydrologicalstationslayoutisunreasonable,smallriverhydrologicalstationless,hydrologicsurveycapabilityshouldbestrengthened.2.Thestudyareaoftheriverwereanalyzed,thesandcontentoftheriverbedissmall,relativelystablerivershippingADCPandothernewequipmenthasverygoodeffect,especiallyformediumandsmallriversflooddouzhangsteepfall,eveninarelativelyshortperiodoftime(fromthestartingpointandthedepthofwaterflowmeasurementthevelocity,andcanachieveresults),longdistancetransmissionfast,meetthefloodcontrolanddefensetargets.Smallriversmostlylivefarfromthepopulation,radarlevelgauge,tippingbucketandotherautomaticmeasuringequipmenttomeetthewaterlevelandrainfallobservationcontinuity,timelinessandaccuracyrequirements.3.Accordingtotheanalysisofsmallandmediumrivermonitoringprogram,withthegradualmaturityofautomaticmeasurementandforecastingtechnology,hydrologicalmonitoringofsm...