机抽用井下高效气液分离器设计摘要现在有杆泵抽油在各大油田的生产中占主导地位，但众所周知，油层除了产出原油同时还会产出大量的伴生天然气。而这些伴生的天然气不可避免的有一部分会进入泵筒，这部分气体会占据泵筒的容积，从而造成泵筒的容液量大大的减小。由此，我们就会想到，把这些伴生的天然气在进入泵筒之前从液体中分离出去，不让它进入泵筒内。这样就有了井下气液分离器即气锚的出现。现有的气液分离器大多是利用重力作用式和离心作用式。但是由于诸多原因，现在的分离器只能在一定程度上尽量减少气体的进入量，即使气体进入量很小，其对泵效的影响也是不容小觑的。因此设计出效果更好的气锚，仍然是很有必要的。本设计中的气锚是利用了重力作用式与离心作用式相结合的高效气锚。将重力分离部未能完全分离的气体在离心分离部分分离出去，以保证高效的抽油效率。该新型气液分离器适用于气液比较高的油井。在此分离器内设置了单独的气、液流道，更加有利于气液的分离。该分离器是在泵上冲程抽汲时实现分离，而在泵下冲程时将气体排入油套环空关键词：气锚；重力式分离；离心式分离IAbstractNowtherodpumpingisalsothemostimportantmethodofoilproduction.Butasweknow,thereservoiryieldsnotonlyoilbutalsoalotofgas.Andinevitably,partofthegaswillenterthepumpandoccupyitsvolume.Thereforethepump’svolumefortheoilwillreduceseriously.So,wewillthoughtthat,separatethegasfromtheoilbeforeitenteringthepump.Andthegas/oilseparatorisinvented.Manyseparatorusednowusethegravityseparationandcentrifugalseparation.But,ofmanyreasons,tosomeextenttheycouldonlyreducethevolumeofgaswhichwillenterthepump.Althoughthevolumeofenteredgasislotlarge,itwillaffectthepumpingefficiencytoaextent.So,todesignamoreefficientanchorisnecessary.TheseparatorIdesignedusedthegravityseparationwiththecentrifugalseparation.Inthecentrifugalseparatorwillseparatethegaswhichisnotcompletelyseparatedinthegravityseparator,sothatthepumpcanhaveahighefficiency.Thisnewseparatorissuitableforthewellwhichhasahighgas-oilratio.Itprovidesseparatedpassageforthegasandoil,sotheseparationwillbebetter.Inthisseparator,separationisachievedwhenthepumpstrokingupwardandexhaustingthegastothecasingwhentheplungergoingdownward.Keyword:Separator；Gravityseparation；CentrifugalseparationII机抽用井下高效气液分离器设计目录摘要.................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................II目录.................................................................................................................................I1引言.............................................................................................................................11.1问题的提出与研究意义...................................................................................11.2国内外的研究现状...........................................................................................11.3主要研究内容....................................................................................................42分离器的分气机理研究...........................................................................................52.1现有气液分离器大致分类...............................................................................52.2各种分离器的分气机理...................................................................................52.2.1利用滑脱效应的气锚................................
