被动语态一、什么是语态?语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类:(1)主动语态(2)被动语态三、什么是主动语态?什么是被动语态?四、被动语态的构成:(八种时态下的被动语态)be+及物动词的过去分词can/may/must…+be+过去分词1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品)AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,应保留主动语态原来的时态。如:Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语,在用于被动结构时,通常变为主语的是间接宾语(sb.)HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟)=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时,要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Thatsoundsveryreasonable.Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些与can’twon’t等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。Theboxcan’tmove.Thedoorwon’tshut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词,如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如:1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。Thenovelisworthreading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwatering.Childrenwantlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时,如:我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结...