第九讲宾语从句宾语从句的三要素:引导词、陈述句语序、时态一致1.宾语从句的引导词(1)由陈述句变成的宾语从句,用that引导,语序不变。that在句中无实际意义,可以省略。如:Heisateacher.→Hesaid(that)hewasateacher.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.→Hesaidthathe(had)alreadyseenthefilm.(2)由一般疑问句变成的宾语从句,用if或whether引导,表示“是否”,原来一般疑问句的语序要变为陈述句语序。如:DoestheboylikeEnglish?→TheteacheraskedmeiftheboylikedEnglish.Aretheystudents?→Idon'tknowiftheyarestudents.注意:当宾语从句中出现“ornot”或“or+供具体选择的内容”时,就只能用whether来引导。例如:Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomebacksoonornot.(3)由特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,疑问代词或疑问副词作宾语从句的引导词,并在宾语从句中充当成分,表示对不清楚的人、事物、时间、地点、方式等的询问。原来特殊疑问句的疑问语序要变为陈述语序。如:Whoisthatboy?→MissLiwantstoknowwhothatboyis.Whatdoesthegirlwanttobuy?→Heaskedwhatthegirlwantedtobuy.Wherehavetheygone?→Ididn’tknowwheretheyhadgone.Whendidyouleave?→HeaskedwhenIleft.2.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,即宾语从句的主语前不可有be动词、情态动词或助动词do,does,did,have,has,had等。3.时态一致性,即若主句时态是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定;若主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),宾语从句的时态也用过去时态,如:Weknowheisateacherataschool.Weknowhelosthissonlastyear.Weknowhewillcomeheresoon.Hesaidthathewasill.