名词1、名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指，在前面加a/an.可数名词：有单数和复数之分普通名词复数形式通常加-s/-es不可数名词：没有复数形式物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词用some/any/alittle/alotof修饰2、可数名词复数的变化形式1)规则变化条件变化例词注意一般情况下在词尾加-sbook→bookscat→cats-s,-x，-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glassesbox→boxeswatch→watchesbrush→brushesch结尾的名词，在单词中发音为［k］时，其复数加-s.stomach→stomachs部分以-f-fe结尾的名词-f/-fe改为–v再加-esself→selvesthief→thievesknife→kniveslife→liveswolf→wolves特殊情况：roof→roofsscarf→scarfsbelief→beliefs辅音字母+-y结尾的名词-y改为–i再加–esbaby→babiesstory→storiescountry→countriesparty→parties元音字母+-y结尾的名词在-y后面直接加-sboy→boysday→days部分以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes特殊情况：radio→radiospiano→pianoszoo→zoosphoto→photos2)不规则变化变化例子注意元音字母发生变化-a改为-eman→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemenGerman→Germanshuman→humans-oo改为-eefoot→feettooth→teethgoose→geese单复同形sheep→sheepdeer→deerfish→fishchicken→chickenchicken鸡肉、fish鱼肉，是不可数名词.强调“种类”=fishes“小鸡”=chickens有些名词常以复数形式出现trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes要表达他们的量，常借助pair.ApairoftrousersTwopairsofgloves表示”某国人”单复同形aChinese→twoChineseaJapanese→twoJapanese词尾加-saGerman→twoGermansanAmerican→twoAmericansman→menanEnglishman→twoEnglishmenanFrenchman→twoFrenchmen其他形式child→childrenox→oxenmouse→mice注意：①有些名词以-s结尾，但表达单数意义。科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词：news,falls②名词做定语，不用复数形式.e.g.ashoeshop,anappletree*例外：man,woman作定语时，如果后面的名词是复数，则man,woman也要变。e.g.awomanteacher→threewomenteachersamandoctor→manymendoctors③people,police做“人们”讲时，看作复数，不能在后面加”-s”，谓语动词用复数形式。family,class是集体名词，既指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定。④不可数名词：一般指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词，通常没有复数，其前不用冠词a/an或数词，但可用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any的等修饰。Exercises:—Lookattheclouds,sobeautiful!—Wow,somanydifferent_______,horses,sheep,flowers…A.sizesB.shapesC.colorsD.stylesTherearesome_______inDaytonArtMuseum.Forexample,nofoodordrinkisallowedinside.A.jobsB.recordsC.rulesD.paintings—Yesterday,myfatherboughtmeanewmobilephonesasapresent,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit.—Whynotreadthe_______firstbeforeusingit?A.expressionsB.applicationsC.advertisementsD.instructionsThese_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,_______ororange?---Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea3、不可数名词的数1)可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语：alotof,lotsof,some,alittle,little2)数词+量词+of+不可数名词e.g.aglassofwater→twoglassesofwateracupoftea→threecupsoftea3)常用的不可数名词food,meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,mutton,orange,milk,tea,coke,water,rice,bread,homework,news,paper,ice,rain,snow,wind,cloud,air,weather,maths,Chinese,English,music,information,fun,work等.4)有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，意思有变化.单数形式复数形式单数形式复数形式work工作works著作water水waters水域time时间times时代good好处goods商品、货物light光lights电灯sand沙子sands沙滩wood木头woods树林cloth布cloths衣服glass玻璃gla...
