高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）Unit1同步检测Ⅰ.阅读理解WhenAlfredNobelcreatedtheprizesthatbearhisname，hedecidedthattheybegivenforworkdoneinthepreviousyear.Butithasledtoallkindsoftrouble—asitdidonceagainthismonth，whentheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiologywasawardedtoadeadman.Itisacomplexstory，onethatcouldnothavebeenforeseenwhenNobel，theSwedishinventor，diedin1896.Butitalltracesbacktohiswill，writtenatatimewheninternationalprizeswereanoriginalidea.Nobeldidnotsaywhyhewantedtorewardscientistswho“madethemostimportantdiscovery”duringthepreviousyear.Onecanguessthathewantedtorewardpresent-dayinnovationandnottogivetombstoneawardstoGalileo，Hippocrates，andotherscientistsfromcenturiespast.Butwillandscienceoftengotinvolved.Theone-yeartimingprovedimpractical；scientificfindingsgenerallyneedtobetested，sometimesfordecades，beforetheirvalueisappreciated.PerhapstoavoidtheGalileoproblem，theNobelFoundationdidstateclearlythattheawardbegivenonlytolivingpeople；thatrulewasmadeformalinthe1970s.Buttheruleagainstposthumousawardshasnowbeenviolatedseveraltimes—mostrecentlythismonth，whentheprizeinmedicinewasgiventoDr.RalphM．Steinman，ascientistatRockefellerUniversity，whodiedthreedaysbeforehiselection.Hisdiscovery，calleddendriticcells，tookplacein1973.ThefirstposthumouswinnerwasthepoetErikKarlfeldt.Karlfeldthadrefusedhisselectionin1918becausehewasalongtimememberoftheSwedishNobelAcademy.Whenhewasselectedagainin1931，hehaddiedthatApril.Whathappensifacandidatedies?TheNobelFoundationmightconsiderchangesatitsnextmeeting.Onepossibilitywouldbetowithhold(阻止)theannouncementofanawarduntilaNobelofficialhearsthewinner’svoiceonthefamousnotificationcalls.【文章大意】诺贝尔奖是一个国际奖项，用来奖励前一年在科学上取得重大发现的人。诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发现需要时间来检验。诺贝尔奖能颁给死去的人吗？或许诺贝尔奖需要一些变革？1．WhatdidAlfredNobelcreatetheprizesfor?A．Tomakehimselfrememberedforever.B．ToattractinternationalattentiontoSweden.C．Toencouragecontributionstomankind.D．Tohonorsomedeadoutstandingdiscoverers.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“hedecidedthattheybegivenforworkdoneinthepreviousyear.”和第三段中的“Onecanguessthathewantedtorewardpresent-dayinnovation”可知，创立诺贝尔奖的目的就是奖励其所在时代的科学发现或重大成就。2．WhyhastheNobelPrizebroughtabouttrouble?A．Theone-yeartimingisnotworkable.B．NobelFoundationtriestobreakhiswill.C．Nobel’sfortuneisnotwellmanaged.D．Candidatesarehardtobeselectedworldwide.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theone-yeartimingprovedimpractical；scientificfindingsgenerallyneedtobetested，sometimesfordecades，beforetheirvalueisappreciated.”可知答案。3．WhatdotheexamplesofthescientistRalphM．SteinmanandthepoetErikKarlfeldtsuggest?A．TheNobelFoundationshouldobeytherules.B．Somerulesoftheprizecallforreform.C．TheNobelAcademyfailedtoperformtheirduty.D．Thewinnershouldliveaverylonglife.解析：选B。推理判断题。根据上文可知，诺贝尔奖规定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的RalphM．Steinman，1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人ErikKarlfeldt，这两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。4．Accordingtothelastparagraph，theNobelPrizeisannouncedtothewinner________．A．insecretB．throughavisitC．bye-mailD．onthetelephone解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“untilaNobelofficialhearst...
