动词动词的含义动词是表达动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的种类:类别特点举例及物动词（vt）跟宾语Ilikemusic.不及物动词（vi）不跟宾语Itrainedlastnight.系动词跟表语Iamadoctor.Sheisanurse.Weareveryhappy.助动词跟动词原形或分词Idon’tlikeplayingbasketball.Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.情态动词跟动词原形ShecanspeakJapanese.动词时态普通现在时（3种构造）表达经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。“主·谓·（宾）”构造Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.“There·be”构造Thereisamaponthewall.Therearesomebirdsinthesky.“主·系·表”构造It’sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.动词第三人称单数普通过去时（3种构造）表达发生在过去的动作。在普通过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则变化构成法词例(1)普通状况下加edwork--worked--workedplay--played--played(2)以e结尾的，加dlive--lived--livedlike--liked--liked(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i，再加ed.study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一种辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referredoccur-occurred-occurred不规则变化（参考课本）普通过去时常见的提示:yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last（week/month/year/Sunday--）this---；justnow；---ago;after---;when---等等。动词特性构成例词普通动词词尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(发送传真)以y结尾辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，必定句用动词的过去式体现，构成疑问句或否认句时，需借助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：Iwenttothezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?.现在进行时表达现在正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）主语+系动词（am/is/are）+现在分词现在分词的构成构成法词例(1)普通状况下加ing.work--working；learn--learning(2)以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live--living；take--taking(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一种辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing.sit--sitting；stop--stoppingchat--chatting；refer--referring(4)以ie结尾的，要改ie为y，再加ing.tie--tying；lie--lying现在进行时的标志：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresentLook.Aliceisreadingamagazineoverthere.Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.AliceistalkingtoPeternow.I’mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.特殊状况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表达将来时。主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：表达将来时。I’mgoingtoschoolnow.MaryisleavingforNewYorksoon.SpringFestivaliscoming.I’marrivinginBeijing.过去进行时表达在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。主语+系动词（was/were）+现在分词Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.普通将来时表达将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。主语+will+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.普通将来时常见的提示:tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,soon,attheendofthist...
